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日本制造神话不再?日本钢企陷“造假门”

2017-10-12 16:48:26   海外网

日本第三大钢铁企业神户制钢(以下简称神钢)近日爆出造假丑闻,汽车、飞机、军工、高速列车等多个领域的制造商遭到波及。其丑闻亦扩散至海外,英国的高铁列车,美国的波音、福特等公司也受到影响。

日本神户制钢高官道歉(图源:视觉中国)

据日本媒体报道,神户制钢被发现在过去10年中,对产品数据进行篡改,伪造铝、铜制品以及铁粉的相关数据。日本副官房长官野上浩太郎在11日上午记者会上,对神户制钢所铝制品性能数据造假一事严厉批评称,“这是动摇公平交易根本的错误做法”。野上浩太郎还透露称,日本自卫队也要求神户制钢提供数据报告等,这说明神户制钢的铝、铜等产品有可能也用在了日本自卫队的防卫装备上。

日本制造业近年来频现违规、造假、瞒报、谎报等丑闻,令“日本制造”黯然失色。三菱汽车油耗造假、东芝公司虚报利润、高田安全气囊的安全危害……“日本制造”光环褪色的背后,暴露出日本企业管理乃至社会风气的负面变化。

日企管理沉疴难愈

神户制钢造假事件长达十年之久,令人怀疑造假行为早已获得管理层的默许,其企业管理或出现结构性问题。

日本拓殖大学经济学教授朱炎评论称,日本企业近年曝光的丑闻大多是有组织参与、集体隐瞒,凸显出企业内部缺乏内外监督机制、纠错赏罚机制。知乎用户@n3v3rm03认为,日本企业所采取的终身雇用,年功序列等制度太过时,造成员工和公司沆瀣一气,失去了自我纠正的能力,跟之前东芝篡改数据的内因其实是一样的。

此外,不少日本媒体和专家指责日企多以“业绩至上”作为考核标准。日本警察大学教授樋口晴彦评论称,日本很多大型制造企业只重视外部运营风险管理,却不重视企业内部管理中的科学分工和规章认真执行。《日本时报》网站则认为,首相安倍晋三的错误决断造成了如今“日本制造”跌落神坛的局面。其文章分析表示,自从日本首相安倍晋三2012年第二次上任以来,日本开始推动企业治理,但重点却放在提升公司利润上,而不是整治错误行为。这导致的直接后果是,企业的分红提升了,但是丑闻也同步增多了。

“篡改文化”变本加厉

在日本,除了商界喜爱篡改数据外,政界也将“篡改”变为一种政治手段。以首相安倍晋三卷入的森友学园丑闻为例,不仅首相官邸和自民党上下帮忙“撒谎”,财务省也帮助安倍晋三篡改乃至销毁不利的证据。几乎同一时期,防卫省也被曝刻意瞒报记录陆上自卫队驻南苏丹维和部队每日活动的日报。更奇怪的是,涉嫌隐瞒的官员却不降反升。涉嫌隐瞒森友学园丑闻的财务省高官事后被安倍擢升为日本国税厅长官。

新华社评论称,“篡改文化”已经取代日本传统的“耻感文化”,成为日本社会的“新传统”。这些年,弥漫日本政、官、“军”、商各界的“隐瞒文化”、“篡改文化”导致日本社会对谎言、造假的“耻感”阈值急剧降低。

中国网友也对此嘲讽道,在日本,如果鞠躬一次没法解决,那就两次!

(综编/海外网戴尚昀)


责任编辑:韩佟 CL1368
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