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中国敲定的大动作,会改变南亚的格局吗?

2017-09-12 10:58:18   侠客岛

上周有一件大事。

在北京,中国外交部长王毅同来访的尼泊尔副总理兼外长马哈拉举行了会谈。双方确定,要加快修复2015年4.25特大地震中严重损毁的两条中尼传统陆路通道;更值得关注的是,此次会谈还确定了一个方案——中尼跨境铁路的建设方案。

对于中国和尼泊尔来说,这条具备战略意义的铁路到底意味着什么?岛叔、复旦大学国际问题研究院研究员林民旺为我们分析了一番。

决心

修建中尼铁路的计划并非一时兴起。

2005年,尼泊尔贾南德拉国王就提出,要把尼泊尔打造成“过境经济体”,扮演南亚与中国的桥梁,复兴南方丝绸之路。更具体的要求则是,中尼边界可以开放更多路线来发展双边贸易,希望中国将青藏铁路延伸到中尼边界并至加德满都;

去年3月,尼泊尔总理奥利访华时则向李克强提出计划,要将青藏铁路同尼泊尔三大城市衔接起来,中方采纳了这一方案。而此次中尼外长会谈后,王毅表示,双方要积极开展项目勘察、设计、可行性研究、人才培训等合作,争取尽快让这一设想变成现实。

目前,中尼之间的货运主要通过中尼公路完成。但是中尼公路路况差,易受自然灾害侵袭,且运力近饱和。因此,青藏铁路开通后,尼泊尔就迫切需要一条通往中国和外界的便利通道,以解决面临的困境。

另一方面,尼泊尔也可以搭上中国发展的快车。仅以旅游一项而言,尼泊尔的收益就将非常可观:尼泊尔前驻华大使马赫什就说,2016年,西藏接待国内外游客2300万,如果尼泊尔能吸引其中的1/10,对尼泊尔经济的影响就将是巨大的。

事实上,2014年8月拉萨至日喀则的铁路开通后,再延伸540公里、到达中国-尼泊尔边界的吉隆口岸就已经铁板上钉钉了——早在2015年4月,中方就明确表达了这样的计划。但这条铁路是否继续延伸至加德满都,显然,更考验尼泊尔的决心。

不过话又说回来了,既然早有计划,为什么一直拖到现在才真正开始落实?

一波三折背后,印度是重要阻力。

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