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美惊呼“匈奴王”回归!119架无人机集群令西方不安

2017-08-30 09:15:04   瞭望智库

2,代价:机毁人亡的惨剧

在空战中,最理想的方案是一架飞机能够完成所有作战任务。然而,正所谓“样样通必然样样松”,由于技术限制,如果想适应所有的作战需求,飞机的综合性能将一无是处。其实,从军用飞机出现以来,我们就不得不对飞机的种类进行分化,如战斗机和轰炸机等,分化后的几种功能又相对单一,无法满足全部作战需要。

因此,各国退而求其次,转向追求将几种不同类型的飞机整合在一起,产生了一些脑洞大开的“子母机”型号,比如:

*苏联的TB3轰炸机可以外挂三架战斗机;

*美国曾试验从飞艇外挂战斗机,以及专门挂在B29轰炸机下的XB85战斗机;

*纳粹德国更疯狂,在其“末日计划”中提出了十几个相关方案。

只是很可惜,当时的技术水平决定了飞机都必须有人操纵,因此飞机体积很大;而且,当“母机”回收“子机”时,需要双方驾驶员操纵精确并保持稳定。

因此,实现整合的难度系数太大。

可是,如果不能回收,航程有限的“子机”将无处安身,“母机”也丧失了持续作战能力。

美国最早的寄生式战斗组合要数“梅肯”号飞艇和“雀鹰”战斗机的组合。考虑到上述“痛苦”,美国决定使用飞行相对稳定的飞艇作为母体,上面安装一种“秋千”状的挂架,挂载4架“雀鹰”战斗机——打算释放战斗机的时候,像荡秋千一样把战斗机“扔”出去。

但是,当战斗机返回之时,二者在保持同样速度的情况下,母机伸出秋千,战斗机的飞行员需要准确操纵飞机、缓慢接近这个秋千、准确地把飞机上部的挂钩挂入秋千环中,而后,飞艇上的回收机务人员把机身固定架套在战斗机的机身上,用卷扬机将飞机拉回母体上。

这个过程非常复杂,就像空中杂技一样困难。

并且,飞艇有个重大弱点——抗风暴性奇差。在短短两年时间内,“梅肯”号和姊妹艇“阿伽门农”号都因为被风吹断了尾部而坠毁,造成了上百名艇员遇难。

最后,美国不得不放弃了这个原本看起来很有前途的路线。

当然,美国人绝不就此甘心罢手。

二战后,他们以B29轰炸机为母机开发了EB29+XF85战斗机组合。为了挂载寄生式的小型战斗机XF85,载机EB29专门设置了吊架等回收装置。

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