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阎锡山曾挑头的部门,就要被蔡英文给撤掉了

2017-08-21 11:11:21   政知见

撰文|杨琳编辑|傅凝

台湾的蔡某人最近事情颇多。

除了停电,政知见(微信ID:bqzhengzhiju)还注意到,蔡某人还准备裁撤掉一个机构——“蒙藏委员会”。

台湾当局在2018年总预算制定中,唯独没有制定“蒙藏委员会”预算。前几天,台湾当局行政主管部门通过废止“蒙藏委员会组织法”,相关业务将分别由“外交部”“文化部”及陆委会承接。

△南京国民政府蒙藏委员会旧址

“蒙藏委员会”如今已有近90年的历史。这个“高龄”的机构,早年间也经历过峥嵘岁月,为维护国家主权和领土完整做出过一定的贡献。

阎锡山被写进这部历史

蒙藏委员会是继承的产物。

清代时期,清廷设立理藩院,管理蒙古各藩事务。清代中期,在西藏设立驻藏大臣,“总揽事权,主持藏政”,统率驻藏清军,拥有宗教管理权和各大活佛转世身份的认定权。

晚清时期,英国势力逐渐渗入西藏,并发动了两次侵藏战争,清廷试图直接派各级官吏管理西藏,但还没来得及实现,1912年2月清帝便已然退位。

清朝灭亡后,驻守在西藏的川军内讧,西藏地方势力借机武装包围驻守拉萨的川军,驻藏大臣和川军最终撤出西藏,转道印度回国。自此出现了中央官员和军队不再驻扎西藏的情况。1913年,英国代表与西藏地方代表私自签署了妄图将西藏分裂出去的《西姆拉条约》,并炮制出臭名昭著的“麦克马洪线”。

在“麦克马洪线”出炉之前,距离西藏数千公里的蒙古地区也遭遇分裂的威胁。

晚清时期,蒙古地区也处于风雨飘摇中,沙俄一直觊觎蒙古,笼络收买蒙古高层,挑拨离间,沙俄怂恿一些蒙古王公发动叛乱,并于1912年控制了所有外蒙古地区。

辛亥革命之后,在汉、满、蒙、回、藏五族共和的思想基础上,袁世凯政府成立专管蒙藏事务的独立机构,由于理藩院的名称有违民族平等,该独立机构名为蒙藏事务局,此机构便是蒙藏委员会的前身。1915年,蒙藏事务局又改名蒙藏院。

北洋政府时期,由于内部势力混战频仍,对于蒙藏事务难以顾及。1924年,外蒙古独立。

1928年底,张学良宣布“东北易帜”,南京国民党政府完成了形式上的统一。同年,国民党为了接管原北洋政府蒙藏院的职能,成立蒙藏委员会。第一任蒙藏委员会秘书长为阎锡山,该机构为国民党管理西藏、蒙古事务的最高行政机构。

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