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和东盟签下的这个协议,将证明谁才是南海真正的主人

2017-08-14 11:16:26   参考消息网

8月5日,第50届东盟国家外长会议批准了中国-东盟“南海行为准则框架协议”(简称COC框架)。这是自2016年7月以来,中国和东盟双方致力于管控南海争议、降低南海紧张局势、防止南海问题干扰与破坏中国-东盟大局所采取的又一重大举措。

8月8日,在菲律宾马尼拉,东盟各国代表与菲律宾总统杜特尔特出席东盟成立50周年庆祝仪式

这份COC框架文件虽然只是整个南海行为准则谈判向前迈出的一小步,但却是中国与东盟关系历史进程中的一大步。自2002年中国和东盟签署和发表《南海各方行为宣言》(DOC)以来,15年过去了。这15年间,双方围绕是否应该将“行为宣言”上升为更加具有法律约束力的“行为准则”的沟通、对话和磋商就从来没有停止过。双方也探索建立了一系列对话方式在内的磋商机制。

推行“南海行为准则”为何迟迟未果?

一直以来,有两个因素一直在妨碍中国与东盟、包括东盟国家间就南海行为准则达成一致意见。一是在南海主权与海洋权益争议问题上,“南海行为准则”究竟能扮演什么样的角色?二是谈判和磋商“南海行为准则”,双方需要避免什么样因素的干扰和破坏?这两个问题很重要。如果“南海行为准则”直接干涉南海主权与海洋权益争议的解决进程,那行为准则谈判就等同于主权争议的解决谈判,这显然是不合适的。

东盟10个成员国中,只有4个国家是南海诸岛主权的声索方。“南海行为准则”应该为谈判解决南海主权与海洋权益争议创造条件,而不能直接干涉、或者阻碍南海主权争议的谈判进程。如果“南海行为准则”是具有法律约束力的文件,那么,这一文件的谈判从一开始,就不能成为“域外力量”介入和插手的工具,而只能是平等、公正地展示中国和东盟组织之间、为了推进南海和地区稳定与合作,自主、自觉、自愿采取的对话和磋商进程所达成的成果。

进一步来说,无论是从“南海行为准则”磋商进程、还是其内在的磋商内容来看,必须保证中国与东盟共同的自由意志与合作精神,而不能成为域外大国干涉、插手南海事务的工具。

8月9日,在柬埔寨首都金边,柬埔寨外交国际合作部大臣布拉索昆(前)出席新闻发布会,对“南海行为准则”框架的达成给予高度评价

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