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皇家寺庙万寿寺

2017-09-14 10:54:19   北京日报

万寿寺

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读者朋友们好,到今天为止,古都版已经连续两个月刊发“走近大运河文化带”专刊,受到多方关注与好评。从今天起,还是“走近大运河文化带”这一题目,从一个专刊变成一个专栏,陆续以选择性专题方式刊发一些相关文章。由于地处京杭大运河文化带的缘故,古老的寺庙万寿寺再一次成为人们瞩目的焦点。为此,我们特约作家高锋霜亲赴实地采访,写成一篇钩沉古物、观照当今的文章。

万寿寺在京城西北的苏州街南面,占地面积31800平方米。寺内殿宇宏伟壮丽、碑亭台榭美轮美奂,院中遍植苍松、翠柏、银杏树,清幽肃穆彰显人间仙境,集佛寺、行宫、园林为一体,风格独特享誉京城。

万寿寺坐北朝南,山门上方有清顺治御赐的石匾,上书“敕建护国万寿寺”。山门撇山影壁的砖雕,构图精细,两侧宇墙虎皮底座朱墙白顶,色彩分明。

进得山门便是天王殿,殿前左钟楼、右鼓楼,素有“钟王”之称的永乐大钟曾悬挂于此。再向北依次为大雄宝殿、万寿阁、大禅堂。东路是方丈院和圃园,西路在乾隆年间改为行宫院。讲经说法的大禅堂后假山叠石、松柏苍劲,象征佛教名山普陀、峨眉。山上有三大士殿,正殿为观音,左为文殊、右为普贤,山下有仙桥、水池与洞穴,山后两株古银杏树分立两旁,饱经沧桑的虬干枝叶高耸入云。其后乾隆御碑亭、光绪御碑亭、无量寿佛殿、千佛阁相互辉映错落有致。

万寿寺没有香炉,没有烟笼雾绕,神像前护栏上挂满祈愿牌,上写祈愿人,或夫妻或家人名字,祈愿牌鲜红耀眼、层层叠叠、蔚为壮观。

万寿寺是万历皇帝朱翊钧为其母亲李太后建造的。

李太后生于嘉靖二十四年,一说其父武清侯李伟是山西农民,一说她娘家在京东通州漷县镇,家庭贫困卑微,从小被送到裕王府做婢女。几年后出落成绝色美女,为裕王朱载垕宠幸生下了朱翊钧,裕王登基做了隆庆皇帝,李氏被封为贵妃、朱翊钧被封为太子。隆庆皇帝在位6年后驾崩,朱翊钧即位,成为明朝第十三位皇帝,年号万历。

当时万历刚刚10岁,稚气未脱,李太后对其严加管教,相传曾经垂帘听政。在凶险的宫廷明争暗斗中,她与冯宝、张居正结成“铁三角”。

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