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进口转基因农产品咋这么受“待见”

2017-07-24 16:20:14   科技日报

继6月批准进口16种转基因作物之后,7月,农业部再次批准进口两种转基因作物。根据中美达成的贸易协议,中国政府同意加快对生物技术产品申请的审批过程。

消息一经发布,进口转基因农产品再次引发关注。日前,科技日报记者就相关热点问题采访了业内专家。

进口缓解国内供需矛盾

目前,我国进口量最大的转基因粮油作物是大豆。据中国海关的数据显示,过去14年中,中国的转基因大豆进口量从2003年的1690万吨飙升到2016年的8391万吨,增长了4倍多,成为刚性需求。

“这主要是由于国内产量与需求之间存在着很大的差距。”中国农业科学院作物科学研究所研究员李新海说,进口转基因大豆主要是用于榨油和生产豆粕,这保证了植物油来源和动物性饲料安全。

“中国的耕地资源不足,进口大豆是国内自产量的6—7倍,如不进口大豆,在国内种植需要7亿亩土地,显然是不可能的。”中国农业大学经济管理学院农业经济系教授司伟说,而且即使把全世界其他国家的非转基因大豆全部卖给中国,也满足不了中国8391万吨的大豆进口量。

国产非转玉米竞争力弱

我国大豆产量不足需要进口,而玉米的情况恰恰相反,据最新数据监测显示:截至本月中旬,玉米临储库存总量还有2亿吨左右。

“价格是最重要的因素,国内外玉米价格倒挂,进口玉米具有比价优势。”李新海说,同时,我国的玉米与国外转基因玉米相比,质量竞争力相对较弱。

自加入WTO以来,我国玉米价格呈上涨趋势,2014年9月达到2714元/吨,而国际市场转基因玉米价格较低,每吨相差几百至一千元。

李新海进一步解释,美国等国家使用抗虫、抗除草剂等转基因玉米减少了农药的使用,采用了规模化的玉米生产技术,生产的玉米品质高;而我国玉米由于品种、生产、贮藏等因素影响,品质偏低,不能满足部分用粮企业对高标准玉米的需求。

批准上市的转基因食品是安全的

我国每年进口如此数量的转基因农产品,公众担心,转基因产品质量是否可靠?

中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所研究员杨晓光说,学界统一的认识是,国内外已批准上市的转基因食品都是安全的,这是定论。“迄今为止,并没有发现科学界公认的、可以证明转基因食品对人体有害的证据。”他说。

杨晓光从20年前开始做转基因产品安全性研究,他没有发现国内外转基因产品和非转基因产品二者在营养学安全性方面有明显差异。数据显示,转基因食品从1996年就在美国上市,迄今还未发现一例由转基因食品引起的过敏或中毒现象。

推进自主研发品种产业化可改变现状

业内专家认为,改变进口转基因农产品现状的简单可行方案就是尽早推进中国自主研发的转基因品种产业化。

“目前,国内能达到产业化推广水平的转基因产品已经有水稻、玉米、大豆等。这些产品的基因转化效率,水稻达80%、玉米20%、大豆2%—3%。其中,我国水稻的基因转化效率排在全球前列。”中国工程院院士、转基因重大专项总工程师万建民说。

“在玉米方面,我国已创制出一批具有重要应用前景的抗虫、耐除草剂、抗旱节水和功能型转基因玉米。抗除草剂转基因玉米新品系CC-2等更是已完成生产性试验,达到国际同类产品先进水平。”李新海说。(科技日报北京7月23日电)

责任编辑:马丽丽 CL0938
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