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【画说建军90年】“三大纪律八项注意”怎样形成的

2017-07-25 15:43:41   光明网

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今年的8月1日,我们将迎来中国人民解放军建军90周年,为了纪念这一重要日子,光明网军事科技前沿推出特别策划《画说建军90年》系列短片。该系列节目配以反映史实的精美画作,邀请专家讲述我军90年风雨征程中的重要事件、感人故事,欢迎关注。

本期主讲嘉宾:李涛(军事科学院副研究员大校)

人民军队执行的是铁的纪律,三大纪律八项注意是中国人民解放军的光荣传统,形成于建军初期,经过不断发展演变而成。

1927年9月9日,毛泽东发动和领导了湘赣边界秋收起义,明确要求起义部队对待人民群众说话和气,买卖公平,不拉夫,不打人,不骂人。

起义失败后,毛泽东率领余部向罗霄山脉的井冈山进发。由于许多官兵来自旧军队,经常暴露出一些军阀习气,随意拿老百姓的财物,随便打骂老百姓。时值仲秋,正是山里红薯成熟的季节。行军路上,饥渴难耐的战士们看见路边田地里长着诱人的红薯,就毫不犹豫地连苗拔起,用衣袖胡乱揩去泥巴,狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。

毛泽东决心整肃军纪,将工农革命军建成一支真正代表工农利益、与旧军队有着根本区别的人民军队。10月,在荆竹山雷打石上,毛泽东扳着手指,向全体官兵郑重地宣布了三条纪律:行动听指挥,不拿群众一个红薯,打土豪要归公。1928年1月,在遂川县城李家坪,他又向部队提出了六项注意:上门板,捆铺草,说话和气,买卖公平,借东西要还,损坏东西要赔。3月底,部队到达桂东县沙田村。4月初,毛泽东向全体官兵正式宣布三大纪律六项注意,并将“不拿红军一个红薯”改为“不拿工人农民一点东西”。

1929年1月,为打破湘赣两省国民党军对井冈山根据地发动的第三次“会剿”,毛泽东、朱德率领红四军主力撤离井冈山,进军赣南闽西。6月,红四军北上闽西新泉休整。由于红军官兵长时间在恶劣的环境中行军打仗,生活上难免马虎,加之绝大多数官兵出身农民,没有什么文化,也不太讲究卫生。因此在新泉休整期间,许多官兵经常随处大小便,或是大白天就光着屁股在温泉里洗澡。

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