国际在线报道(记者刘新月):陕西省延安市吴起县,因战国名将吴起得名,历史悠久。作为中央红军两万五千里长征胜利的落脚点,吴起在新中国历史上带有深深的红色烙印。提到陕北,人们往往联想到的是漫天黄沙、地贫民瘠的黄土高原。不过,如果你来到今日的吴起,从高空鸟瞰这片大地,就会发现山峁坡洼一片绿意盎然。这得益于吴起县1998年起大胆改变农牧业发展模式,走出了一条绿色崛起的康庄大道。
“当时延安这么一点地方、这么一点人,养活了那么大的革命力量,最后夺取了全中国,但是,我们也把你们的树林子给砍光了,现在要还这个债,要把这个林子再造起来!”
这是1999年,时任国务院总理朱镕基来到陕北考察时对延安百姓的亲切关怀。就在同一年,朱总理向全国发出了退耕还林的总号令。
吴起县是长征胜利的落脚点,也是中国革命的新起点。但是,在这片土地上,贫穷和恶劣的自然条件一直困扰着吴起百姓。以前,这里土地贫瘠、广种薄收,农民只求产量地毁林增田,1997年,吴起的森林覆盖率仅为19.2%。延安市宣传部长柳志清回忆道:“过去吴起地贫民瘠,是黄土高原的腹地,生态环境非常恶劣,用两句话形容概括就是:‘一年一场老黄风,从春一直刮到冬’;‘下一场大雨退一层皮,发一场洪水满沟泥’。当地漫山放牧,生态环境恶劣到这个程度。农村经济陷入了一个恶性循环,无法持续发展,农民无法增加收入,十年九害,广种薄收。”
为了彻底改变这个状况,1998年,时任吴起县委书记的郝飚经过认真调研、反复思考,决定在吴起实施封山禁牧和退耕还林,通过这两个举措来彻底修复生态、推动农村经济的可持续发展。1999年,国家开始实施“退耕还林”政策,并补贴退耕还林每亩160元。吴起县的“退耕还林”之路更加开阔。柳志清介绍说:“吴起提前走(了)一步,(当时)国家(还)没有政策。在1998年,我们就提出了封山禁牧,一次性淘汰了23万只山羊,改成舍饲。后来有了退耕补贴,一亩地补160元,还有种林补贴。在99年宣告退耕还林时,全县一共180万亩耕地退了150万亩,只留下30万亩的平缓地和基本农田来作为耕种。满山种地产量不高,经济效益又不好,改成平地和舍饲以后,搞大棚种植、科技种植,单位面积产量就提高了,效益也增加了,而且生态环境也持续地得到了优化。”
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