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广西生态博物馆以新型模式造福百姓生活

2017-07-26 22:29:12   国际在线

国际在线消息(记者邢盛妍):博物馆是很多人出行旅游时的必到之所,其主要功能一般是自然和人文遗产的收藏和展出。然而,由广西民族博物馆牵头建设的生态博物馆不仅帮助贫困地区的村民修了路,通了水电,甚至还帮不少人找到了工作。这个名字听起来特别“高大上”的生态博物馆,究竟是什么,又是如何实实在在惠及百姓的呢?

融水安太苗族生态博物馆坐落于广西北部融水苗族自治县安太乡小桑村下屯,这里风景优美、交通相对闭塞,苗族传统原生态文化在这里得到了很好的保存。融水安太苗族生态博物馆馆长石磊说,“我们生态博物馆建在融水瑶族自治县安太乡小桑村下屯,距离县城约70公里。我们是他下面的一个工作站,总部就是广西民族博物馆。平时我们是对外开放的,在本地的社区我们做民族文化的传承和保护的活动。还有平常会做好非物质文化的搜集活动,比如我们的平常拍摄的节日、民俗等资料的搜集,每一年都要上报,汇总。作为一个文化保护的资料库。平常大的节假日,我们就跟村民搞互动。比如比赛,娱乐活动,节日里的生产生活活动,还有帮扶扶贫活动,互助活动等等,都是根据一年的工作情况,逐步有序开展。”

生态博物馆是将某一特定社区或某一特定区域整体作为博物馆,包括其人文环境和自然环境,强调社区历程的整体保护与协调发展的统一。这一源于法国的新型博物馆形态在上世纪80年代被介绍到中国后,在很多地方生根发芽,其中,广西的生态博物馆建设极具代表性。从2003年开始,结合广西民族博物馆建设,相关专家提出了“1+10”方案,即一个广西民族博物馆与10个生态博物馆共同建设。

石磊馆长介绍说,“生态博物馆相当于对外保护区的展示中心,通过展示,让村民有机会了解自己的民族文化,也把自己的民族文化向外推广,提供了一个对外交流的平台。让大家更有信心,做好今后的民族文化的传承和保护。”

生态博物馆不同于传统博物馆,它立足于当地居民的自主意识,博物馆及遗产专业的支持,较好地实现了将传统博物馆的文物保护、展示、传播和宣传等功能。

中国的生态博物馆都建立在比较偏远的乡村,因此从开始就面临着把社区发展带动起来的现实目标。除了帮助村民解决生计问题,村寨里的基础设施建设也都得到了保障。聊起生态博物馆的功劳,广西民族博物馆研究二部的主任麦西一脸自豪。“水通了,电也通了。还有一些比较适合发展旅游的点,把旅游业也发展起来。比如说龙胜,本来以前是一个默默无闻的村寨,我们说的龙脊梯田,在另外一个村寨,走路的话要走四十分钟。自从我们在这里做生态博物馆后,这边旅游业也发展起来了。路也修了,以前那边都是泥路,现在都是柏油路面。”

的确,由于生态博物馆的建设发展,当地政府对修路、供水、供电等都提供了大力支持,基础设施的改善以及知名度的提升带动了当地旅游业的兴起,与此同时,大量的民众前往参观,从而带动了当地的文化消费。无论是旅游业的发展还是文化消费水平的提高,都为原本贫困的山村带去了现实的经济效益。

广西生态博物馆的可持续发展为国内生态博物馆的建设提供了一个成功范例。关于这个模式,麦西主任介绍道:“学术界称我们广西的生态博物馆为二代模式,它还在不断地推进过程中。其实“1+10”工程是广西的一个牌子文化品牌。”

生态博物馆在保持民族文化的自信心、创造力以及文化“原真性”的同时为贫困地区的百姓创造了更好的生活,给偏远的少数民族聚居区提供了全新的发展思路。对于生态博物馆的未来走向,广西的项目组正考虑如何实现从“1+10”到“1+n”的模式转变。麦西说:“因为现在我们的模式类型比较单一,这是第一个原因。另一个原因是,我们广西共有十二个世居民族,但我们的十个馆没把十二个世居民族覆盖完。策划下半年会做一个调研,看看哪些民族还能再纳入到我们生态博物馆的体系里面来。”

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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