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徐康宁:“一带一路”推动开放型世界经济持续发展
2017-05-22 17:45:11 中国社会科学网
举世瞩目的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛在北京落下帷幕。论坛取得一系列重要合作成果,习近平主席在论坛上发表的主旨演讲主题深刻,内涵丰富,在国际上产生深远的影响。“一带一路”不仅开启新型的经济全球化,而且建构了重要的国际公共产品,推动开放型世界经济持续发展。
新时期开启新型经济全球化
当前世界经济仍然复苏乏力,结构性矛盾根深蒂固,不确定因素有增无减,全球性增长缺乏动力。尤其是近年来,随着英国“退欧”等各种影响世界经济的“黑天鹅事件”不断发生,经济全球化遭遇前所未有的挫折。一个最为显著的征象是,全球贸易的增长速度连续5年低于全球经济的增长速度,为过去50年所罕见。传统的经济学理论一直认为,国际贸易是经济增长的发动机,所以贸易的增长总是快于经济的增长,过去50年内的大部分时间就是这样。但是,现在这种平衡被打破了,经济全球化遭遇严重逆袭,必然导致贸易活动的交易成本增加,结果全球贸易的步伐反而落在了经济增长步伐的后面。
然而,如同科技进步推动人类文明进程一样,经济全球化是促进国际分工深化、传播先进技术、提高劳动生产率的重要力量,是有利于生产力进步的,经济全球化的进程可以一时逆转,但前进方向不会根本改变,最终还是会随时代的进步而继续发展下去。不过,新的时代呼唤新的经济全球化,原有的全球化必然要经历一个改革和升级的过程。过去的经济全球化,主要是由美国等少数西方发达国家主导的,是少部分发达国家把世界上大部分欠发达国家拉进全球化过程。如今,世界经济的格局已经发生重大变化,新兴经济体国家已经是世界经济增长的主要贡献者,仅中国对世界经济增长的贡献度就超过30%以上,少数西方发达国家既无意也无力继续领导经济全球化。另一方面,传统的经济全球化中有不合理的国际经济秩序成分,全球化的利益分配不能反映各国寻求共同命运的呼声,集团化、区块化、碎片化现象比较严重。当今时代呼唤新型的经济全球化,或者说是一个2.0版的经济全球化。
新型的经济全球化要求更多国家以平等的身份参与到其中来,要求有更为广阔的平台承接互利共赢的国际经济合作,要求有新兴经济体作为主导力量共同推进全球化过程,由中国提出的“一带一路”倡议顺应了新型经济全球化的发展趋势,对启动经济全球化2.0必然产生深远的影响。事实上,“一带一路”倡议下的国际经济合作计划已经超越了一般性地区间的合作,正在成为全球范围内经济合作的新平台。
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