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英国队奥运会崛起之谜:推行20年唯奖牌论政策

2016-08-21 05:04:14   新京报(北京)

另外,原来的强项游泳由于在2012年奥运会上发挥失常,他们的拨款被削减了400万英镑,英国游泳协会之后被迫更换了教练和训练方式。这次奥运会上英国游泳队赢得了1金5银,超额完成了目标,预计未来一个奥运周期的拨款将会增加。

得到了拨款之后,很多业余选手就可以为了奥运会进行全职训练,再也不用担心生计问题。

对于那些职业化较强的项目,譬如足球、高尔夫、网球和橄榄球等,英国体育理事会不会出一分钱,因为它们完全可以通过赞助或其他方式得到足够的资金。本届奥运会上,网球名将穆雷成功卫冕男单金牌,但他仍然得不到资助。

3洋教练与高科技齐飞

如果看一下英国获得的金牌,就知道它们大多来自比较冷门的项目,这都是经过仔细规划的,自行车、帆船、马术等项目在国际上竞争并不是太激烈,而赛艇和帆船等项目虽然昂贵,但都是英国私立学校比较传统的项目,在来自富裕家庭的孩子中比较普及。譬如在里约获得赛艇项目奖牌的运动员中,有三人来自牛津大学,还有其他不少运动员都毕业于学费高昂的私立中学。

英国还大力从国外引进高水平的教练。他们的赛艇教练格里布莱尔就曾担任民主德国国家队的主教练,他的训练方式成为英国运动员成功的关键因素。英国跳水运动员拉夫尔/米尔斯击败中国选手秦凯/曹缘赢得双人三米板金牌,这是英国历史上的第一块跳水金牌,这一切都与中国教练陈文分不开。陈文以前是北京跳水队总教练,曾在澳大利亚执教八年,后来被任命为英国跳水队总教练。英国游泳队还请了很多澳大利亚教练,自2006年起,澳大利亚泳坛名帅集体来到英国,几乎在那里建立了一个“新澳大利亚”。

高科技训练方式也是英国运动员成功的另一个重要因素。英国自行车队在本届奥运会赢得6金4银1铜,是贡献最大的项目,他们在平时的训练中采用了很多号称尖端的科技。他们把电脑分析和空气动力技术运用到训练中,这些高科技项目本来是为一级方程式赛车选手设计的,通过监控运动衣手臂上塑料标志表面的空气流动,就可以得出他们训练的质量和水平,从而推断他们最终的比赛成绩。

英国在赛艇艇身和桨的设计上也采用了高科技,力争做到设备上领先对手。

4优秀苗子一个都不放过

为了备战奥运会,英国各个运动协会内部的管理与大部分国家不太一样,每个协会都引入了“表现总监”,负责发现苗子、引入合适的教练和制订训练计划等等一切可能夺牌的制度。

为了增加夺牌项目,英国体育理事会也时刻注意各个项目运动员的发挥,一旦发现有的运动员在冷门项目上有超水平发挥,他们会立刻考察,作为下一个奥运会周期的重点对象培养。

当然,如果运动员不吃苦,所有的一切外部条件都等于零。英国运动员为了获得成功,也常年进行艰苦的训练。赛艇队的格里布莱尔教练就说:“胜利没有秘诀,那就是艰苦的训练和精心的准备。”在里约获得两块体操金牌的维特洛克说:“很多年来,我一直在体育馆里长时间的训练,日复一日,年复一年。你在奥运会上只有一分钟的时间来展示你多年来一直做的事情。”

通过以彩票基金为主的“奥运战略”,兵败亚特兰大之后的20年中,英国在参加的5届奥运会上,奖牌数每次都有增加。2008年北京奥运会拿到19金,创造100年来的最佳战绩,2012年他们凭借东道主之利,一举拿下29金。他们在里约的目标是赢得48块奖牌,创造本土之外举办的奥运会的纪录,到8月20日为止,他们的奖牌数已经达到61块,超额完成了任务。

他们成功的经验,的确值得我们好好研究。

据新华社电

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