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7月26日至27日,省部级主要领导干部“学习习近平总书记重要讲话精神,迎接党的十九大”专题研讨班在京举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在开班式上发表重要讲话。新华社记者马占成摄
7月26日,在省部级主要领导干部专题研讨班上的重要讲话中,习近平总书记指出,经过改革开放近40年的发展,人民群众对美好生活的向往更加强烈,对“更满意的收入”等多方面有更高的需求。
收入提高是亿万老百姓的期盼,是他们最直接的获得感。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记一直想方设法让百姓的“钱袋子”鼓起来,一系列提高收入的措施让城乡居民有了实实在在的获得感。
不断做大“蛋糕”,让收入加速“奔跑”
作为有着13亿多人口的大国,我国用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的道路,取得了令世界瞩目的成绩,同时也面临一些问题:根据世界银行的标准,中国还有两亿多人口生活在贫困线以下;人均国内生产总值仍然排在世界第八十位左右;截止2016年,全国共有6000余万城乡低保对象以及8500万残疾人。
民惟邦本,本固邦宁。如何让百姓过上富裕日子,提高贫困群众的收入并改善他们的生活水平,一直都是习近平总书记牵挂的事情,“必须坚持发展是硬道理的战略思想,集中精力把经济建设搞上去,把人民生活搞上去。”
党的十八大报告提出,到2020年要实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番,全面建成惠及十几亿人口的小康社会。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央对人民作出的庄严承诺。
一个人的收入水平和国家大的经济环境密不可分。中国经济只有保持“稳中向好”的态势,不断做大“蛋糕”,才有更多资源可供分配,更多财力可用于民生。只有保持稳定的经济增速,才能不断创造就业机会,让劳动者的收入加速“快跑”。
党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持以经济建设为中心,持续推动国家经济社会发展,“蛋糕”越做越大,百姓的“钱袋子”越来越鼓。
根据国家统计局公布的数据,2016年全国居民人均可支配收入23821元,扣除价格因素,比2012年实际增长33.3%,百姓的钱袋子越来越鼓,为实现收入翻番的目标打下了坚实基础。
扩大中等收入阶层,构建橄榄型分配格局
“蛋糕”不但要做大,而且要分好。收入分配是民生之源,也是改善民生、实现发展成果由人民共享最重要最直接的方式。尽管近年来城乡居民人均收入都有不错的增幅,但不少群众也有“被平均”的感觉,收入分配不公问题比较突出。
人民有所呼,改革有所应。习近平总书记明确要求,要作出更有效的制度安排,使全体人民朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进,绝不能出现“富者累巨万,而贫者食糟糠”的现象。党的十八届三中全会提出,规范收入分配秩序,完善收入分配调控体制机制和政策体系,增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入者比重,努力缩小城乡、区域、行业收入分配差距,逐步形成橄榄型分配格局。
橄榄型分配格局是一种“两头小”、“中间大”的收入分配格局,即低收入群体和高收入群体在社会阶层中均占少数,中等收入者成为大多数。扩大中等收入群体比重,既有利于社会稳定,更有利于满足广大人民群众日益增长的物质和文化需求,释放消费潜力。
习近平总书记多次强调,扩大中等收入群体,关系全面建成小康社会目标的实现,是转方式调结构的必然要求,是维护社会和谐稳定、国家长治久安的必然要求。
近年来,通过有效的政策引导和制度安排,我国中等收入群体逐渐壮大。根据国家统计局公布的数据,2016年全国居民人均可支配收入基尼系数为0.465,比2012年的0.474下降近0.009,橄榄型收入格局正在逐步形成。
“开源节流”惠民生,低收入者生活更体面
贫困问题是全面建成小康社会的“拦路虎”,也一直是习近平总书记最为牵挂的事情。
从河北阜平县骆驼湾村、顾家台村到湘西土家族苗族自治州十八洞村,从云南鲁甸地震灾区到革命老区贵州遵义花茂村,习近平总书记在考察调研期间,对改善贫困群众的生活状况念念不忘。
对身处农村的贫困群众,习近平总书记每到一地,都要亲眼看一看他们生活情况到底怎么样了,收入水平是不是提高了;对城市困难居民,习近平总书记也要求重点保障低收入群众基本生活,做好高校大学生生活困难补助。
“富贵本无根,尽从勤里得。”增加低收入者的收入,要通过政策引导并鼓励他们通过诚实劳动获得。习近平总书记提出:“要关注一线职工、农民工、困难职工等群体,努力让劳动者实现体面劳动、全面发展。”
帮助低收入者增收,还要帮他们“省钱”。国务院2016年印发《关于激发重点群体活力带动城乡居民增收的实施意见》,提出进一步减轻中等以下收入者税收负担。各地也纷纷落实总书记的要求,大力健全城乡低收入群体基本生活保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,逐步提高城乡居民最低生活保障水平,提高优抚对象抚恤补助标准。
“人民对美好生活的向往,就是我们的奋斗目标。”近五年来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持“以人民为中心”理念,把提高百姓收入水平、实现公平分配作为执政为民的工作目标,推进收入分配制度改革,让百姓有了更多实实在在的获得感。(文/张雷)
责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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