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缅甸敦促朝鲜停止核试 美媒称其"中立主义外交"

2016-01-27 08:37:00   澎湃新闻网

(原标题:缅甸敦促朝鲜停止核试,美媒称其开启“中立主义外交”新纪元(组图))

当地时间2016年1月6日,据朝鲜媒体报道,朝鲜宣布成功进行了氢弹试验。

当地时间12月2日,缅甸首都内比都,昂山素季与总统吴登盛会晤。

一则并未在国际社会引起波澜的声明,却预示了缅甸外交政策的微妙变化。

2016年1月13日,缅甸外交部对朝鲜进行氢弹试验一事表达了“深切关注”,敦促朝鲜遵守联合国安理会决议,停止核试验。

缅甸问题专家、美国乔治敦大学外交学院亚洲研究中心前主任、资深教授、美国霍普金斯大学国际研究学院访问学者大卫·斯坦伯格(DavidI.Stenberg)近日在《外交政策》杂志上撰文分析称,尽管缅甸这一平淡无奇的声明在国际社会上被广泛忽视,但在缅甸近代史上却具有里程碑式的意义:

它标志着缅甸终结了长期以来对美国入侵的担忧、表达了与美国改善关系并与朝鲜保持距离的愿望,一定程度上体现了传统的“中立主义”在缅甸开启了新纪元。

对美“政权更迭”政策的恐惧

斯坦伯格称,上世纪五十年代的“朝鲜战争”结束后,缅甸担心西方国家会认为缅朝关系有悖联合国和美国的对朝制裁政策,因而一直与朝鲜保持距离,尽管在斯坦伯格看来,美国对缅甸的制裁远比对朝制裁更为严厉。

他说,1983年,朝鲜政府在缅甸当时的首都仰光对时任韩国总统全斗焕实施暗杀计划,17名韩国高官被杀,全斗焕侥幸逃过一劫。这一事件使得缅朝关系跌入冰点,缅甸领导人奈温将军拒绝承认朝鲜,直至20世纪90年代末韩国推行“阳光政策”与朝鲜和解后,缅甸政府才再次承认朝鲜。而之后的十余年间,出于对美国“政权更迭”政策和可能入侵的恐惧,缅朝两国关系发展迅速。

“显然,克林顿和布什政府在缅甸推动的‘政权更迭’政策给缅甸领导人造成了恐慌,担心美国为了实现这一目标而入侵缅甸。”2008年,缅甸遭受纳尔吉斯旋风袭击,近13.8万民众遇难,缅军政府拒绝美国直接输送救援物资,担心这是华盛顿“政权更迭”策略的第一步。

斯坦伯格表示,彼时的缅甸军事情报机构研究指出,美国正在其他国家通过颠覆和入侵等手段实现政权更迭的目的,而朝鲜核武器项目似乎为防止此类事件的发生提供了一种方案:朝鲜在朝韩边境的非军事区大规模部署火炮、逮捕韩国人质——暗示美国的同盟韩国已遭受威胁,而平壤核试验与朝韩关系的恶化并无关联。情报部门的这种观点可能过于片面,但却说服了缅甸军方。

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