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台湾研发导弹40年:成“插满导弹的小岛”(图)

2017-07-28 10:59:13   参考消息

参考消息网7月28日报道 英媒称,解放军轰-6型轰炸机近来多次绕台进行远海长航训练活动引起台当局担忧,有台湾媒体人称,台湾在自己的多年“努力”下,成为“插满导弹的小岛”。

据英国广播公司网站7月26日报道,20世纪七八十年代,台湾认为美国提供的各型导弹不但数量不足,性能也受到很多的限制,而且美国也不会提供台湾较为新型的导弹,因此指示军方成立研发导弹的特别单位。由于空对空导弹的门槛高和难以与美国系统整合等因素,台湾初期是以发展地对地和反舰导弹为主,并在1981年的阅兵中一口气展出了仿造以色列“加百列”反舰导弹的“雄蜂”导弹、仿造苏联AT-3型反坦克导弹的“昆吾”导弹以及参考美国“长矛”战术导弹的“青蜂”导弹,后来“昆吾”与“青蜂”两型导弹无疾而终,“雄蜂”导弹后来大量生产并且配备到台湾海军舰艇上,成了反舰作战的主力。


台湾F-86军刀机。(BBC)

报道称,但“雄蜂”导弹在命名上摆了个大乌龙。大多数蜂类中的雄蜂只有交配的功能,没有攻击的本事,虽然名字听起来雄赳赳、气昂昂,但雄蜂不具备蜂类保卫能力,因此,后来成军的时候已经改名为“雄风导弹”、成为第一代台湾自制的“雄风”反舰导弹。

报道称,当时台湾海军为了装备这一型导弹,展开了“武进计划”,将二战时期建造的驱逐舰大规模改造结构,让老爷爷级的军舰背上了新型武器继续作战,另外也参考其他国家组建了一支导弹快艇舰队。负责研发导弹的台湾“中山科学研究院”随后还发展了性能较佳的“雄风二型”导弹,并在上世纪90年代针对反制解放军海上武力大幅扩张而研发了“雄风三型”超音速反舰导弹,当时和俄罗斯“日炙型”超音速反舰导弹并列全球“唯二”的超音速反舰导弹。

报道称,上世纪80年代中期,台湾因为无法取得新型战斗机,因此决定研发IDF战机,同一时间也启动“天剑计划”,发展类似美国“响尾蛇”与“麻雀”导弹的“天剑”一型和二型空对空导弹,装备在IDF上,在IDF成军之后,“天剑”系列导弹加入了防卫台湾天空的行列。

报道称,有鉴于戍守台湾多年的“奈基”、“鹰式”各型导弹性能老化逐渐不敷所需,台湾计划发展自制“天弓”导弹予以取代,在上世纪80年代开始研发新一代防空导弹。90年代又面临了解放军在大陆部署针对台湾的地对地导弹,而向美国采购“爱国者”防空导弹价格昂贵、数量不足,当时台湾发展防空导弹已经大约10年,技术也日渐成熟,台湾就进一步陆续研发“天弓”二型、三型导弹。台湾军方后来也发展“天剑”和“天弓”舰载版、陆基版,取代美国“响尾蛇”系列的“海槲树”、“陆槲树”导弹,而台湾新一代造舰计划则是决定全面采用台湾自制的各型导弹。

报道称,台湾发展导弹仍然是“战战兢兢”,“青蜂”导弹之所以无疾而终,很多评论人士就认为是因为美国当时担心台湾发展地对地导弹对美国的大陆政策不利,一直到21世纪,才传出台湾发展巡航导弹以弥补台海军力严重的失衡。在外事活动受困、采购军事武器困难的背景下,台湾重工业基础欠佳,在自造舰、自制战斗机、战斗车辆上都有很大障碍,但是40多年的发展,让台湾成了一个“插满导弹的小岛”。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067、任冲 CN062
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