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大陆官媒评马英九最大功绩:扭转台海几近战争危局

2016-05-19 07:39:17   

社评:马英九做出了力所能及的正面贡献

马英九的“总统”任期还剩下最后一天,近日围绕其功过的争论多了起来,我们也评说几句,送别这位两岸关系特殊时期的风云人物。

看马英九主要有两个视角,一个是台湾岛内的视角,一个是整个中华民族的视角。遗憾的是,有时对他的好恶看法是对立的,我们尽量找寻这当中的最大公约数。

马英九的最大功绩是扭转了陈水扁执政后期台海几近战争边缘的危急局势,带来了两岸关系和平发展的新局面。他的任内实现了几项突破,包括两岸直航,大陆游客赴台,陆资赴台,两岸全面建立机制性沟通,直至两岸最高领导人历史性会面等等。这一切都是造福两岸社会的,即使台湾一些人嘴上不愿捧场,但他们心里大多欢迎这些变化。

评价一个领导人的功过有些时候需要等一等,通过后任的工作来比照。比如陈水扁搞得台海地动山摇,被马英九时期的两岸和平衬托得更加清楚。马英九留下的两岸关系遗产是否是可贵的,需要蔡英文接下来的执政做进一步验证。如果蔡英文搞砸两岸关系,对台湾人的福祉无关痛痒,那么马英九两岸关系的这一“功”就可能在台湾社会的视角中打些折扣。

经济通常被看成是马英九执政的软肋,但他执政8年撞上了全球金融危机的全过程,也有相当一些人认为,与多数亚太经济体相比台湾的情况相对“还不错”。当然这也需要蔡英文执政下台湾经济表现的进一步参照。马英九是否经济上“很不行”,几年后回头看将更加清楚。

马英九的领导风格不够强悍,决断力和抗压力都有些不足。这是两岸他的支持者们对他“不足”的一种代表性看法。他之前没受过大的挫折,逆境中的定力和号召力都显得有点弱,担风险的魄力似也不够。团结其他力量的内力和招数都不多。这些造成了他的8年执政未能在核心问题上产生力透纸背的效果,以及某种不可逆转性。

不过,马英九赶上了大陆力量快速增加,但美国的力量也未退潮的历史不确定时期。他的“优柔寡断”除了个人性格原因,有很大一部分是这个时代塑造的,历史或许很难苛求他。

“马英九总统”是台湾选举制度的产物,他在难以超越中美力量格局的同时,还很难跳出来自台湾政治体系的束缚。马英九没能创造奇迹,如果很多年后有人写他,肯定不会送给他一个类似“蜘蛛侠”的形象,而极有可能把他描述成忍辱负重,有心作为却备受牵制的政治家。

不过,也不能低估了马英九用8年时间重描“现状”的意义。这种“现状”的界定让大陆方面和民进党新当局都不甚满意,但马英九对什么可以被两岸都接受,什么目前难以被双方接受,以及如何避免台海重大危机做了有价值的探索和标注。

蔡英文其实捡了马英九执政的很大便宜,比如“大三通”和两岸直接的官方交流机制等,马英九为她做了突破,它们都是民进党很难做到的。接下来是民进党能否珍惜并保住那些成果的问题。

天下没有不散的筵席,随着马英九执政结束,他开创的局面有可能因为民进党上台“戛然而止”。民进党取代国民党的意义远远超过西方社会的政党轮替,更有点像“改朝换代”。马英九的辛苦构建是否会被后来者“一把火烧了”,也很难说。

然而也许过不了多久,无论大陆还是台湾,对马英九“有意见”的人就会开始怀念他。“小马哥”无力创造历史,但他让人们看到了历史的一种可能性。他带不来永久和平,却给了两岸关系一份难得的喘息。相信无论对中华民族还是对台湾社会,他最终都会被作为正面人物记入历史。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031、翟明 CN040
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