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中朝关系凉热连着半岛局势冷暖

2017-11-21 13:35:52   环球时报

中共中央总书记习近平特使、中联部部长宋涛20日结束对朝鲜的访问。宋涛向朝方全面通报了中共十九大的情况,并与朝鲜劳动党中央领导人围绕两党两国关系和朝鲜半岛问题做了深入交流。朝方高度评价了中共十九大的成果,双方表示将加强党际交往和沟通,推动中朝关系向前发展。

中朝围绕宋涛访朝透露的信息都很少,还原这次访问的全貌恐怕需要一段时间。中朝都释放了两党关系的积极信息,但双方也没刻意遮掩外界能看懂的展示两国关系处在低谷的一些迹象和姿态。平壤似乎尤其在意向国际社会传递一个信号:它不会在联合国制裁的压力下就核问题改弦更张。

中朝关系不像乐观主义者说的那么“好”,也不像悲观主义者想象的那么“糟”。中朝保持了两党的沟通渠道,而且两党都认同彼此关系是两国之间的重要纽带,也珍惜这个纽带。但是两国就核问题的严重分歧依然如旧。

朝鲜不想曲意逢迎地对中国做笑脸,但也不准备同中国翻脸,这似乎就是平壤在受到有北京参与的联合国制裁时的对华态度。

帮助维持当下中朝关系的包括两国深厚的传统友谊,以及两国在复杂地缘政治环境下的现实利益,还包括两国对彼此关系的理性。守住中朝关系的底线对两国只有利,没有弊,也给各方仍然相信半岛局势没有山穷水尽留了一扇希望之窗。

尽管美朝在很长时间里不断勒紧局势,但是它们都不真的希望半岛问题成为绝对的死结。美国孤注一掷发动战争,朝鲜豁出一切鱼死网破,这是双方的噩梦。

中国同时与美国、韩国和朝鲜保持着沟通,这不是因为中国刻意左右逢源,而是因为中国确实为缓和局势尽了最大努力。它们看得懂中国的付出,也事实上接受了中国的角色,它们了解自己对中国的更多要求不切实际。

中国坚决反对朝鲜拥核,也坚决反对美日韩在联合国决议之外对朝鲜实施单边制裁和强化对朝军事压力。中国提出的“双暂停”主张正被越来越多的人认识其合理性。如果局势未来能以和平方式突破,那么转机一定会是以“双暂停”思想为基础的,因为别无他路。

不断升级的对抗对美朝都造成了严重消耗。掌管美国核武器的美战略司令部司令海腾18日表示,如果特朗普发出对朝实施核打击的命令被认定为“非法”,他可以拒绝执行。海腾的表态标志着特朗普的对朝施压已经引起美方内部的深度不安。

美方反复强调对朝鲜的“所有选项都摆在桌面上”,其实它的对朝武力选项极其艰难。因为如果那么做很容易,在冷战后攻打过塞尔维亚、阿富汗和伊拉克的它早就对朝动武了,根本就不会等平壤的核武开发走到今天。

保持四年高强度的对朝威胁而不动手,特朗普将会在争取连任时成为笑柄。因此在军事选项十分困难的情况下,寻求外交突破对华盛顿来说将逐渐变得紧迫。

从平壤方面看,让核危机无限拖下去也是极其不利的。朝鲜新的核导开发势必加剧国际制裁,而摆脱国际制裁迟早会对平壤来说变得比继续核导开发拥有更多现实意义。

以此为背景看宋涛的朝鲜之行,其战略意义或许将被证明是多维度的。它巩固了中朝关系的支点,引导了各方对半岛局势的积极思考。我们期待各方都对和平的信息高度敏感起来,为把一些微弱的希望变成巨大的可能性竭尽全力。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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