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控作业总量能否减学生课业负担?

2017-10-25 16:46:14   新京报

原标题:控作业总量能否减学生课业负担?

作者:任孟山

类似规定的落地,还需要学校、老师、家长意识到位,意识到长期依赖过量作业、盲目比拼学习强度,对于孩子来说并非是最优的学习和成长路径。

“不得将家庭作业变成家长作业”“推行作业免检、每周无作业日”——江苏省教育厅日前下发《关于进一步规范学校管理切实减轻中小学生课业负担的意见》,为学生家长双减负。这与教育部部长陈宝生在10月22日十九大第五场记者招待会上的表态精神一致,陈部长指出要在义务教育阶段解决学生学业负担过重的问题,特别是要化解好学校减负、校外增负的问题。

《意见》在课程管理、作业管理、作息管理、监督管理等方面做了非常具体的规定,如果能获得认真贯彻执行,应该能够有效减轻中小学生课业负担,规定很多细则都切中肯綮。其中,有一条让我特别有感触,即第8条,“各校要有专门部门和人员,负责加强对各门学科作业的统筹管理。严格控制每日作业总量和时间,小学一、二年级不布置书面家庭作业,小学中高年级、初中和高中学生每天书面家庭作业总量,分别控制在1小时、1.5小时和2小时以内。”

我孩子目前在读五年级,在过去几年的学习中,书面作业从来都有,而且作业一直都不算少,四点左右到家就开始写作业,除了吃饭和稍事休息外,几乎都要写到九点左右,甚至更晚。我不了解班里其他孩子的写作业速度,但即使我家孩子写作业不够快,他也应该是老师布置作业时要考虑的学生。老师布置作业肯定不能以写作业最快者作为标准,而应该以写作业最慢者或者写作业中低速度者作为布置作业时间的依据。至少目前为止,我没看到作业减负的实效,作业书写时间肯定严重超过上述规定,所以,统筹作业总量非常必要。

除此之外,在作业量不小的情况下,还会周期性出现作业的“大小天现象”,即某一天会作业突然增多。原因是当天的语文、数学、英语等科目都有,各科老师都会布置作业,总量自然飙涨,这个时候统筹作业总量就会更为必要。

适量的作业、难度适中的作业,有利于学生掌握知识点,既能够让学生温故知新,也能够提高学生学习的兴趣。过量的作业、过难的作业,都会使学生逐步丧失学习兴趣,长远来看,不利于学生的发展。无论是在我以前求学的过程中,还是在当下教书的体验中,可以轻而易举地目测到的事实是,学生由于作业过多过难,会敷衍了事,甚至觉得反正也是完不成作业,索性就放弃了。另一个可以佐证的直接经验是,在陪孩子写作业的观察中,作业量小的时候,孩子很有积极性主动去写,因为写完就可以干别的了;作业量大的时候,孩子就会磨磨叽叽做别的事情,被催促时才去写。

当然,每个学生有每个学生的特点,每个学生完成作业的时间肯定也不一样,因此,类似这样的规定,出发点虽然很好,看上去也有执行依据,但还是需要学校和老师能够意识到位,意识到写那么多作业对学生的身心成长没什么好处,甚至作用相反。而家长也应该对此建立认同,意识到盲目比拼学习强度、学习时长,对于孩子来说并非是最优的学习和成长路径。

“发展素质教育”“努力让每个孩子都能享有公平而有质量的教育”是党的十九大报告对发展教育事业提出的要求。其实,限制作业时间、作业总量统筹等减负措施,从教育部到陕西、辽宁、河南等地方教育部门,都曾出台过相关意见、规定,但是在执行环节往往打了折扣,这要求一方面要加强执行环节的监管,对违规行为进行严肃问责;另一方面还要不断将教育改革向纵深推进,改善教育生态,保障孩子身心健康,回归教育发展规律。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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