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“引力波大新闻”中国贡献有多大

2017-10-17 15:37:29   新京报

也许未来的“科学大新闻”就是由中国科学家主导发布了。

文丨孙正凡(天体物理博士)

刚刚获得诺贝尔奖的引力波团队又任性了。包括紫金山天文台和美国宇航局在内,全球竟有数十家天文研究机构此前联合宣布,在北京时间16日晚上10点宣布一个重大消息,内容暂时保密。

紫金山天文台的公告里面,特别指出“我国天文学家将与LIGO/Virgo科学合作组,及全球各主要天文台同步发布重大天文发现”。

“重大发现”已不是秘密

LIGO就是2016年初宣布探测到第一个引力波信号的团队,领衔的三位科学家和工程师又在10月4日刚刚获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。

既然连LIGO的名字都出现了,而且全世界天文机构都知道了,那它显然也就不再是秘密了。

果然有心的天文学家们略加分析,就把这个秘密掀了个底儿掉。比如中国国家天文台天文学家刘博洋博士在他的微信号“天文八卦学”里就分析到,全世界主要天文台都参与进来了,那么就说明,传统天文台都“看”到了引力波源。

北京时间10月16日22时,多国科学机构联合宣布重大成果:从约1.3亿光年外,科学家们首次探测到壮丽的双中子星并合产生的引力波,及其光学对应体。图:资料图

天文学界有个好处,很多信息是公开的,尤其是使用大型观测设备需要提前申请。查阅最近世界主要天文台观测动向就发现,大家都去观测了1.3亿光年远处一个叫NGC4993的星系,并且有人在推特上爆料说,“引力波源,带光学对应体”“初步判断是双中子星合并”。

普通人可能不懂:这到底是个什么事儿呢?

通俗地说,这颠覆了此前引力波事件中“黑洞不发光”的结论——如果说LIGO和Virgo都是专门“听”引力波的装置,此前发布的4次引力波事件都是黑洞合并造成的,发射引力波,但不发光(记得吗?轮椅上的霍金一直告诉我们,黑洞是黑的,它不发光!),那这次是两个中子星合并,它们会发光!一发光,大家就都看到了,所以才是几十家天文台联合发布。

果然,北京时间昨晚10点,在舆论的千呼万唤中,这则大新闻终于发出来了:LIGO和Virgo探测器及其他合作伙伴今年8月探测到由双中子星合并产生的新型引力波。这是人类首次探测到双中子星合并产生的引力波。

未来“科学大新闻”或由中国主导发布

这次“引力波大新闻”亮点之一是中国的紫金山天文台南极天文中心能够跟美国宇航局联合发布。

我国包括南极巡天望远镜AST3-2、国内第一颗空间X射线天文卫星慧眼望远镜在内的多台设备参与观测引力波,并都发挥了重要作用。

南极这个望远镜是中国自主研发的首台全自动无人值守望远镜,由中国南极天文中心、中国科学技术大学、南京天文与光学技术研究所、南京大学天文与空间科学学院联合开发和维护。

昨天晚上10点发布的这个大新闻,也和中国即将开展的引力波探测计划密切相关。中国天文学家们正在紧张地开展工作,计划在太空实现“空间太极计划”“天琴计划”,在西藏实现“阿里实验计划”,聆听其他来源的引力波。也许未来的“科学大新闻”就是由中国科学家主导发布了。

当中国的天文学研究进步了,也需要公众主动地去了解科学,帮助传播科学,如此才能够增强科学影响力,吸引更多人来了解科学家的工作。

在科学界,其实每一步进展都是大新闻。科学就是通过一小步一小步地往前推进,最终改变我们对于整个世界的认识。正如首位登月者阿姆斯特朗所言,这是我个人的一小步,但却是人类的一大步。但是,往前走的每一步都是需要勇气和智慧的。人类在这个世界上每一个伟大的进展,都是由很多科学家一小步一小步地走出来的。

科学传播最理想的效果应该是让社会公众学会,或者说懂得欣赏——理解和欣赏科学家们这每一步的贡献,欣赏科学每一步的美妙之处。

当公众更多地了解了科学新闻,对科学事业拥有了更多知情权,也就不会被伪科学谣言忽悠;当公众更多地了解科学,也才会有更多的年轻学子选择投身科学事业。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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