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安倍释放想改善同中国关系的信号

2017-09-29 10:50:18   环球时报

日本首相安倍晋三28日傍晚出席中国驻日大使馆主办的国庆节庆祝活动,这是相隔15年后日本首相第一次出席中国使馆举办的庆祝活动。在当前关系低迷的情况下,这是安倍政府发出的一个对中国的示好信号。

安倍在中国使馆表示,希望力争日本担任主席国的日中韩首脑会谈能在年内举行。他还表示:“希望届时举行日中首脑会谈,以促进关系发展。”安倍还向中方提出,“在我访华之后,希望习主席能访日。”

自2012年日本将钓鱼岛“国有化”以来,中日关系陷入自两国邦交正常化以来最严重的僵局。安倍再次上台后,日本国家路线进一步右倾化,外交完全倒向美国,日政府对中国则采取近乎对立的态度。两国的各种摩擦全面爆发,老问题变严重了,新纠纷不断出现。

中日做了一些改善关系的努力,日方的口头态度经常挺积极的,但它的实际表现则是另一种样子。它是针对中国的“自由与繁荣之弧”以及“价值观外交”的积极倡导者,在南海问题上也起了破坏作用,成为奥巴马时期“亚太再平衡”战略最活跃的配合者。

然而与中国对立也让日本付出了战略代价。首先日本对美国的战略依赖加重,从而进一步失去了美国对它的尊重。尤其是特朗普上台后,华盛顿对美日关系的要价明显提高,而东京几乎不再有与美讨价还价的筹码。

另外,为了与中国开展地缘政治竞争,日本在东南亚等有传统影响力的地方失去了不少主动性,外交成本随之增加。东京本来想借助美国的力量获取对中国的结构性优势,但现实情形却是,它越来越多做了美国调试与中国关系的一大砝码。它根本左右不了华盛顿对北京的态度,而它的选择则越来越少。

经过这5年的持续冷淡和摩擦,中日两国实际都积累了改善两国关系的一些潜在意愿。对两国来说,结束僵持可以给两国各自的整体外交形势带来重大改善,那将是亚太地缘政治引人注目的动向,中日都将因此从华盛顿赢得更多尊重。

但问题是,这种改善会发生吗?

中日当前的钓鱼岛之争和历史问题矛盾都有一定的表层性。比如钓鱼岛的纷争的确难以解决,但它导致的中日冲突烈度与该纷争的规模不相称。中日冲突有很大一部分是意气之争,这样的感情对立既是容易绕开的,又是最难化解的。

中国社会绝不会忘记日本的侵略,但是上世纪七八十年代比现在离那场日本侵华战争更近,但中日友好反而超越了记忆。中国人的愤怒是日本右翼抵赖和日本政府不正确与中方互动的结果。

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