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人工智能时代,哪类公职人员会被替代

2017-09-25 15:19:26   新华网

原标题:人工智能时代,哪类公职人员会被替代

作者:郭全中

无论公职人员是否愿意,人工智能必然要部分替代公职人员的工作,这是浩浩荡荡的历史大趋势。

近些年来,在云计算能力指数级增长、数据驱动成为可能、算法较为成熟的三重驱动力的情况下,人工智能不仅成为可能,而且已经在信息搜索、语音识别、无人驾驶汽车等方面取得了显著进展。尤其是阿尔法狗大胜李世石,人工智能成为了大家街头巷尾的谈资。毫无疑问,人工智能作为未来已来,那么会对一般公职人员造成什么样的影响呢?

人工智能分为弱人工智能、强人工智能和超人工智能三个阶段,区分的主要标准为是否超过人类的智能水平,低于是弱人工智能、等于就是强人工智能、超过则是超人工智能。目前我们正处于并且在相当长的时间段内处于弱人工智能阶段。

在弱人工智能时代,公职人员的部分工作肯定会被替代。人工智能对于智力要求不高、情感涉及较少的简单、重复性工作替代性较强,而对智力要求高、情感涉及多的复杂性工作替代性很弱。行政工作千差万别,既有高智力、高情感涉及的类型,又有低智力、低情感涉及的类型,前者更难被替代,而后者则更容易被替代。

例如,未来在火场等恶劣环境中冲锋陷阵的消防人员,在主要由无人驾驶汽车行驶的路面上执行巡逻任务的交警,以及法院的书记员、单位的打字员等技术含量相对较低的工作,相信都会逐步被机器人所部分替代。当然这种或危险、或单调、或机械重复的工作被替代无疑能够给人类工作带来更多的挑战性和更好的体验感。

但是,对于需要更高智力、更多情感投入的行政工作则绝不可能被替代。“运筹于帷幄之中、决胜于千里之外”的高难度公职工作、需要投入真情实感的与居民面对面沟通交流的公职工作,绝对不是仅仅具备人工智能的机器人能够承担的。

尤其需要指出的是,人工智能在替代一部分行政工作的同时,也会创造出新的行政工作,甚至新的行政工作数量会更多。

从历史实践来看,每一次重大技术革命时,人们总会担心会不会带来大量失业的担忧,无论是蒸汽机革命还是电力的广泛应用,莫不如此,但实践证明,新技术革命在消灭一定数量的旧就业机会的同时也创造了更多的新就业机会。人工智能也不会例外。未来,当人工智能在替代一部分打字员工作的同时,也必定会创造出更多的社区工作机会。

也许有人会担心强人工智能时代和超人工智能时代公职人员会不会完全被替代,可以肯定地说,这不仅需要长期的技术迭代,在我们的有生之年很难看到,而且能否真正实现强人工智能和超人工智能都需要高度怀疑。尤其是人类会采取各种措施来实现人机互动,即人类借助人工智能来提升自身的能力而不是让人工智能脱离人类的控制轨道而任性发展。正如《荀子·劝学》里说的,“君子善假于物,假舆马者而致千里,假舟楫者而绝江河”。

总之,无论公职人员是否愿意,人工智能必然要部分替代公职人员的工作,这是浩浩荡荡的历史大趋势。(新京报)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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