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沙特伊朗年内首次外交互访 中东宿敌冰释前嫌?

2017-09-05 16:25:04   海外网

摘要:伊朗与沙特实现外交互访,确实意味着两国关系缓和,但是并不代表双方尽释前嫌,重归于好。教派之争和地缘政治博弈注定两者竞争关系在中东新格局形成前难以变动。

伊朗外交部9月3日发表声明,证实伊朗和沙特阿拉伯将分别派遣外交使团互访,但只会到访各自所在对方国家的原使领馆。这将是伊朗和沙特自2016年1月断绝外交关系以来的首次外交互访。据伊朗媒体报道,伊朗外交部发言人巴赫拉姆·卡西米说,此次互访是伊朗和沙特间一份双边协议的一部分。

沙特和伊朗的恩怨由来已久。由逊尼派为主导的沙特与什叶派为主导的伊朗在宗教问题上一直存在分歧。海湾战争后,石油在给各国带来经济上繁荣的同时,也促使了中东两大国争夺在中东事务上的领导权。此后,伊朗和沙特在也门、叙利亚和伊拉克等问题上争端不断,摩擦升级。2016年1月,沙特以涉嫌从事恐怖主义活动为由处死了47名囚犯,其中包括知名什叶派宗教人士奈米尔,引发伊朗国内什叶派民众强烈抗议。在伊朗民众冲击沙特大使馆并纵火后,沙特随即宣布断绝与伊朗的外交关系。

在断交一年半后,沙特和伊朗分别派遣外交使团互访引发关注。上海外国语大学中东研究所副研究员潜旭明分析认为,沙特与伊朗高层近日互访愈发频繁,说明沙伊双边关系逐渐“破冰”。

此次沙特和伊朗放下矛盾,开启外交互访的原因有四点。首先,全球油价的持续下跌严重影响了两国的经济发展。由于美国的页岩气革命,石油的替代产品页岩气、页岩油的产量大增并导致国际油价持续下跌。以沙特为核心的石油输出国组织(OPEC)联合俄罗斯等国家限产,但效果并不明显。如今,持续的低油价使沙特财政收入锐减,油价的下跌已经迫使沙特王室大量削减政府预算。其次,沙特自2015年起对也门什叶派胡塞武装发起的大规模军事行动并未取得实质性的成果。潜旭明表示,沙特阿拉伯大约50%的军事能力都致力于也门冲突,但目前却处于进退两难的局面。卡塔尔断交危机中也未能占上风的沙特如今有严重的焦虑感,希望能在外交上有所突破。

同时,美国对伊朗的态度也影响到沙特的外交策略。特朗普虽然在5月访问沙特时对伊朗放狠话,指责伊朗助长“教派冲突和恐怖的火焰”,呼吁所有国家共同努力,孤立伊朗,“直到伊朗政权愿意成为和平的伙伴”。但美国并非“一边倒”的制裁伊朗。潜旭明认为,特朗普政府不希望看到伊朗撕毁核协议的局面。美国在卡塔尔断交事件、叙利亚问题上的做法令沙特对美国的期望值降低。

最后,伊朗也希望能优先处理好美伊关系,而非与沙特“窝里斗”。潜旭明指出,伊朗总统鲁哈尼是温和派,注重经济实力的提升,比较务实。虽然口头说要退出核协议,但仍希望美国和西方国家解除对伊朗的经济制裁。

伊朗与沙特实现外交互访,确实意味着两国关系缓和,但是并不代表双方尽释前嫌,重归于好。教派之争和地缘政治博弈注定两者竞争关系在中东新格局形成前难以变动。(综编/海外网戴尚昀)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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