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射导和施压的恶性循环还要折腾多久

2017-08-30 14:24:55   环球时报

朝鲜29日早上试射的一枚导弹穿过了日本北海道上空,在飞行约2700公里后落入太平洋。日本反应强烈,称“这是暴行,是前所未有的深刻且重大威胁”。美国总统特朗普通过白宫发声明,指责朝鲜政权“蔑视它的邻国和联合国所有成员,蔑视可接受国际行为的最低标准”。声明特别称:所有选项都摆在桌面上。

朝鲜1998年和2009年两次发射的火箭曾飞越日本上空,但当时朝方均表示是“发射卫星”。朝鲜上个月被认为成功进行了两次洲际弹道导弹试射引起震动,美朝相互威胁。但是上周华盛顿缓和了调门,称赞平壤“克制”了射导活动。分析认为,朝鲜今天的导弹试射可能导致半岛紧张的新一轮升级。

美日韩看来会商讨进一步的对朝施压措施,盛怒之下这样做毫不奇怪。但是在对朝国际制裁已经勒得很紧的情况下,新的加码无异于几近拧干的毛巾再拧出一两滴水,新的施压更多能起到安抚日本和美韩舆论的作用,对“债多了不愁”的朝鲜很难产生额外奇效。

平壤向外传递的信息是软硬不吃,以加快发展导弹力量的不变,应国际上对朝态度的万变。它不惧华盛顿的威胁,对特朗普政府突然放低姿态也不领情,持续试射导弹似乎成了平壤停不下来的惯性。对外界的打压究竟意味着多大危险,平壤显现出麻木。

美日韩应当思考一下,这样一来一去的过招,它们很恼火,但对于备受孤立、也较贫困的朝鲜来说,会不会是蛮能带来刺激的一件事呢?不发导弹时,美日韩几乎不会理平壤,对它充满了蔑视,对其安全关切漠不关心。不断射导能够给平壤带来关注度和平等感,它已是朝鲜获得“国际尊严”的主要来源。

美日韩需要认真考虑转换与朝鲜打交道的方式了,如果它们想结束这种发射导弹和制裁加军事威胁没完没了恶性循环的话。朝鲜是既弱又“不肯屈服”的一方,它究竟为什么如此不顾后果地要把核导活动进行下去,华盛顿应当彻底搞明白。

把朝鲜政权按照“恶魔”的标准来描述是容易的,毛巾再使劲拧出一滴水有时比寻找新水源蘸湿它反而更简单,而且很重要的一点是,这些在美日韩最能对应“政治正确性”。但这一切实际是无所作为,如果真的要“以结果为导向”,就得改变。

美国应当与朝鲜无条件开展对话,了解平壤对安全的那些担心,周边国家也有必要共同回应朝鲜的安全关切,帮助它找出能够替代核武器的可靠安全手段和资源,促使它沿着被广泛接受的国家安全路线回归国际社会。

不要过多考虑这样做是否意味着“鼓励”了平壤政权,华盛顿与平壤的意志对抗已经白热化了,双方摸索打破僵局的吊诡互动似乎失败了。为挽救局势,现在到了把发信号等兜圈子表达改为双方见面打开天窗说亮话的时候。别耽误了和平的机会,别让可能存在的转机来得太晚。

美日韩加起来如此强大,使得它们有调整对朝战略的回旋空间。走进死胡同,在一棵树上吊死,这些都不该是这个“反朝统一战线”应有的表现。

朝鲜发中远程导弹严重违背安理会决议,国际社会不可能长期熟视无睹。然而无论联合国,还是美日韩,解决朝核问题光使用力量已经远远不够了,现在需要智慧和比冲动更有帮助的理性。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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