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绝对的无现金社会永远不会出现

2017-07-26 10:08:53   新华网

绝对的无现金社会永远不会出现,但一个新的时代已经到来。

有媒体报道称,中国是世界上第一个使用纸币的国家,但现在,随着移动支付的飙升,一些分析师预测,中国或将成为第一个停止使用现金的国家。而前两年,这个“或将成为”被预测是丹麦。

那么,“首个无现金国家”的大旗,中国能够扛起吗?

信用卡刚兴起那会儿,有个长辈办了张卡,没多久,这张信用卡就被扔在了衣柜里,原因是,“刷一下钱就没了,花钱没有感觉”。

对于从谨慎时代走过来的中国人来说,消费曾是一种庄重的仪式:询问价格、砍价往来、掏出现金,再一张一张点给对方。一套繁琐的流程和口袋的厚薄,暗示消费是一件郑重而稀少的大事。

后来,信用卡的出现,部分消灭了这种仪式感,但中国人依然保留了过往的习惯,设置个复杂的密码,并在少数的场合才掏出信用卡。

中国人曾有一种实物货币的信仰——落袋为安,眼见为实。就连炫富,山西的煤老板们也是以现金炫富而闻名江湖的。

这样一个国度,居然如今成为了移动支付的典范。数据显示,2016年,中国的移动支付达到5.5万亿美元。今天,有外媒这么报道中国的二维码文化:中国的无现金革命正在影响世界。

如果和刷卡相比,二维码消费更没有仪式感,双方二维码往来,却并没有什么现实中的一手交钱一手交货,唯一变化的,是双方网络账户里的数字。

媒体和互联网巨头都在歌颂无现金时代,普通人则在便利性面前用手机进行了投票。但无现金时代,仍然是一个乌托邦名词。美国人在信用卡时代,就用一张卡部分消除了现金,而今天,手机只是比信用卡的应用场景更广泛一些而已。但说到底,谁都没有消灭现金的可能。

不过,这不妨碍无现金时代被宣称为一种共识。移动支付和无现金时代的出现,从根本上一举改变了中国人谨慎而保守的消费习惯。手机扫码的行为,让消费变得更“没有感觉”。技术的变革,消退了中国人过去对交易和消费的仪式需求:想从消费者的腰包里掏出一百块现金很难,但从手机上划掉一百块却很容易。

过去信用卡没有实现的中国人信贷梦想,被移动支付慢慢带进了现实。绑定一张银行卡,或者干脆就是用支付公司的小额信贷,很快,曾经喜欢赚一分花一分的中国人,就会被带进信用消费的未来之中。这对于商业来说,无疑是重大的利好。

而从另一个层面看,金钱交易,事实上是一次数据交换的过程。现金时代,数据掌握在交易的两个人手里。花钱的人能根据钱包的薄厚来判断自己的消费决策,商家则以钱箱的盈亏判断销售业绩。除了银行,中间不存在第三方。

但移动支付则让数据在更多主体之间流转。一次交易中,移动支付要比买卖双方都更懂这场交易数据背后的东西:消费者的收入水平、商家的交易数额等等。而我们都明白,未来社会最珍贵的,是大数据。

因此可以说,无现金时代的概念背后,是对中国金融体系、公众消费理念和大数据伦理的全面挑战。绝对的无现金社会永远不会出现,但一个新的时代已经到来。□胡涵(媒体人)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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