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观众背不动“垃圾电影”的锅

2017-06-20 13:47:49   环球时报

这两天,冯小刚导演对“烂片”缘由的说法引起了社会对电影现状的关注,也体现了中国电影人的拳拳之心。这其实也是目前中国电影面对的复杂情况的投射。

实际上,自2016年以来中国电影的发展越发趋于平缓,原有爆炸性增长的势头突然放缓,形成了一种新的状态。一是票房总体增长远低于预期,银幕数的快速增长并没有带来票房的高速增长。二是本土电影当下明显缺少新的热点和焦点,无论是类型的发展还是影片本身都似乎缺少一些让人兴奋的新增长点,呈现的状况似乎和当时许多人的期待有相当的差距。

笔者在今年年初就此提出“厂”字形的发展描述,现在看来是适合中国电影现实状况的。“厂”字形的那一撇,指的是一种快速增长的态势。就是指自2010年以来中国电影在三四线城市新的中等收入观众开始成为电影的新观众之后,呈现出持续近6年的爆炸性增长。中国电影的银幕数已经是全球第一,票房已经达到了全球第二。

“厂”字形的一横,指的是2016年以来,票房突然增长趋缓,2017年仍然持续了这一趋势。现在看来,中国电影市场这些年的高速增长,主要是依靠一批新兴的中等收入群体,他们把看电影当做新的生活方式,而这种生活方式迅速地由一二线城市扩大到了三四五线城市。与此同时,80后90后的观众也开始将电影变成日常生活的一部分。大量的电影“新观众”涌入了电影院,形成了前所未有的繁荣局面,中国也已经成为全球增长最快的电影市场。

但这种增长现在所面临的是三四五线的观众大规模增长已经到了瓶颈,现在这种新观众的快速增长已经不可重现了。而一二线城市的观众由于现在电影缺少热点和焦点,而缺少进入电影院的动力。因此,“厂”字形的这一横还会持续相当长一段时间。这造成了已经习惯了前些年高速增长的电影界,产生了相当程度的焦虑和困扰。

近期,中国电影确实存在着多方面的问题和挑战。这些问题,仅仅归咎于观众的素质或资本的力量都未必能够一下子解决。应该说,大量的“新观众”的进入既造成了爆炸性的增长,他们的趣味和要求也形成了新的压力。

实际上,这些观众现在对于全球电影市场是举足轻重的。如何既适应他们的要求又不迎合,而是在影响他们的品位方面做更多的尝试,确实是新的挑战。同时,大量资本进入电影业,从总体上看对电影的繁荣有其重要的贡献。三四五线城市电影观众能够获得品质较高的电影服务,就和资本的支撑有关,他们作为电影观众产生影响,也是他们分享文化成果的一部分。这当然是积极的。

社会资本的进入让电影获得了活力,不能简单地说资本使得电影变得更糟糕了。当然资本的逐利特点也会限制电影的发展。这些问题都是双刃剑,但毕竟中国电影当下遇到的问题是在新的平台上遇到的问题。如今,靠观众群体扩大带来的外延性增长,后续动能已经不足,而电影的内涵性发展也还缺少新亮点。

现在最关键的问题是,如何让电影的内涵性发展真正实现,这是依赖电影本身内在的魅力,需要多方面的合力才可能实现。这更多是电影业本身的责任。过去电影界常常批评中国的观众少,社会资本对电影业的支持不多,使得电影难以发展。现在这些条件都有了,如何能够让资本体现更加正向的结果,让观众能够获得既喜闻乐见又非迎合低级趣味的电影,都是电影业的重要挑战。(作者是北京大学教授)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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