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不能让萨德问题被当做“皮球”踢

2017-05-24 14:38:16   环球时报

随着文在寅成为新总统后,韩国政府在努力尝试改善对华关系,例如迅速派出韩国总统特使、前总理李海瓒访问中国,就一些问题作出沟通。但是,从目前看,在萨德问题上韩国新政府表现出模棱两可的姿态,似乎仍在“说服中国”上做文章。对此中国需要保持警惕,坚守原则和立场,整合各方力量营造有利氛围,同时防止把问题推向中美关系范畴。

韩国政府的“折中方案”

韩国的一场政治地震以文在寅政府上台而暂告平息,中国舆论界“批韩”之声也渐渐趋于缓和。的确,文在寅在竞选期间多次强调要停止部署萨德,呼吁把这一问题交下届政府处理,而且在他上任后第一时间即宣布暂停萨德部署。随后,一些积极举措在一定程度上显示出,韩国新政府重视对华关系、希望尽快扭转中韩关系的决心。由此,国内不少人认为中韩关系迎来了转机,对文在寅政府抱有高度期待。

然而,韩国新政府果真能撤销萨德部署吗?如果文在寅政府解决不了萨德问题,中韩关系又将如何发展呢?这些问题成为各界关注的热点问题。

其实,文在寅新政府上台之初便面临着诸多严峻的国内和国际问题的挑战,且这些挑战不是单独存在,而是互相交织纠缠在一起。萨德问题便是一例,它作为上届韩国政府“刻意”留下来的政治、安全遗产,被深深地楔入中韩关系之间,如何处理这一问题,关系到韩国国内政见的调节、舆论的整合以及如何平衡对中、对美外交等诸多问题。

当前,对于萨德问题,文在寅政府的基本立场是:立足国家利益需要,充分评价部署萨德的军事效用性,并综合考虑韩美关系、中韩关系,经过慎重的检定之后再做出最后决定。很显然,这是一个模糊的立场。

值得注意的是,从近日的实际反应来看,韩国政府的基本倾向是:在接受萨德部署这一事实的条件下,试图寻找一个能够打动和说服中国的折中方案。目前,韩国方面的主流建议是,将萨德的X波段雷达的探测距离由2000公里缩短为800公里,并保证该雷达不朝向中国进行探测和不加入美国的MD体系。但这一方案最大的瓶颈就是中韩之间的互信问题。

鉴于中韩关系的实际情况,在没有中方人员参与的“不对中国进行探测”保证是没有什么约束力的。从这一点来看,文在寅政府的萨德政策仍然没有脱离前任政府预设的轨道。根据中国的反应,这一方案可以带来不同的政策结果:如果中国接受了该方案,韩国则可以快速恢复对华关系,此为上策;如果中国不接受这一提案,韩国的次选目标应该是寻求在“政经分离”原则下发展对华关系;最下的政策结果是顶着中国压力情况下,继续寻求如何缓解对华关系。韩国政府应该也非常清楚,中国难以接受这一方案,那么其接下来很可能是追求次选目标。

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