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官媒谈围堵肯德基:给爱国主义带来新一轮舆论损害

2016-07-21 07:20:59   

单仁平:坚决把爱国同激进言行切割开来

因为有少数地方出现有人提议抵制当地肯德基和麦当劳,这样的声音在互联网上引起了注意,另有极个别似乎有点影响的网络活跃人士支持这种主张,“抵制肯德基”俨然成了一个网上热题。

针对这种主张批评很多,其中一部分批评者把矛头指向了“爱国”。另外一些人对这部分冲着“爱国”的引申性批评进行反击,但他们中的部分人又造成了某种“支持抵制肯德基”的印象。这一切构成了越闹越大的网上舆论混战。

本文试图对时下围绕“抵制肯德基”和“爱国主义”的争论做一些厘清。

首先,“抵制肯德基”在现实中的实际规模和影响被夸大了。有媒体报道,包括湖南长沙、郴州,浙江杭州、浦江县,江苏扬州、连云港、泗洪,山东临沂,安徽滁州、广德、宁国等,全国至少11个市县发生了抵制肯德基事件。实际上,所谓“抵制”大多都是有少数人在店外聚集一下,喊喊口号,拉个横幅,就过去了。它们总体上没对肯德基遍布全中国数千家分店的营业造成实际影响,说其中有些“抵制”像行为艺术,也不过分。

第二,网上实名支持抵制肯德基的人很少。大V基本上无人参与,批判者举例的几乎都是某研究中心的同一个人。

第三,对于“抵制肯德基”的主张,中国主流社会给予了一致批评。实际争议发生在对“爱国”的态度上。一些人把抵制肯德基同爱国主义划画等号,正如上文所说,做延伸性批评。另一些人反对这种延伸性批评,造成双方似乎在支持或反对“抵制肯德基”的印象。

第四,自南海“仲裁结果”公布以来,上述形式和规模的“抵制肯德基”可谓中国庞大社会里最为抢眼的抗议表现了。与2012年中国各地民众抗议日本“购岛”相比,这一次中国社会要冷静得多。其实除了网上有一些泄愤言论,现实中打着“爱国”名义的过激行为非常少见。它们每出现一点,舆论都会集体声讨,因此它们的表演空间已被大大压缩。

第五,每当爱国主义因外部现实原因而高涨时,都会伴随少数人的过激言行。这一现象的原因很复杂,中国社会必须有能力把爱国同各种以爱国为名义的过激行为区别开来。我们既不能因为鼓励爱国,就宽容过激行为;也不能因为批评过激行为,就把爱国主义给一勺烩了。

第六,爱国主义存在于世界各个国家,它在中国尤其是非常宝贵的精神正资产。中国地域辽阔,人口众多,社会深处有许多难以消除的嫌隙和隔阂。爱国主义是中国最持久、也最潜移默化的意识形态,它构成了中华民族在复杂国际环境下顶着压力前行的重要精神力量来源。保护爱国主义对中国有长远意义,它在很大程度上决定着中国社会凝聚力的质量和力度。

第七,一段时间以来,中国内外明显有一些力量把爱国主义当做打击目标,还有一些人热衷于对爱国进行嘲讽。前者应是有政治目的,后者中的部分人大概对某些刻板的爱国主义宣传不满,以恶搞为乐。结果是,“爱国”作为传统上百分百的褒义概念,如今在互联网上出现了某种复杂化,甚至连“爱国贼”这样的词都能在网上招摇过市。

第八,捍卫“爱国”的高尚和纯洁性,恐怕是当下中国一项紧迫的意识形态工作。如果爱国主义在中国被污名化,“不爱国”能够理直气壮,这个国家的精神领域必将蒙受巨大损失。

第九,一方面要坚决反对各种针对爱国主义的打压,一方面也要坚决把打着“爱国”名义的过激言行同爱国主义区分开来,决不让那些言行成为对爱国主义的“高级黑”。要让社会广泛认识到那些过激言行会被反爱国主义的力量作为靶子利用,最终使爱国主义受到打击。

回过头来再看个别地方及网上的“抵制肯德基”言行,它们除了自身造成负面影响外,还给爱国主义带来了新一轮的舆论损害。它们很像是攻向爱国主义大门的“乌龙球”。(作者是环球时报评论员)

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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