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菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛8个岛礁

2016-07-13 03:06:54   金羊网-新快报

据新华社电多年来,菲律宾和越南两国一直在南海相关海域新建扩建岛礁设施或填海“造岛”,以强化非法占据的事实、进行主权声索或主张专属经济区和大陆架。近日,新华社记者对菲越非法扩建和“造岛”情况进行了采访调研。

菲律宾:非法侵占不断扩建

自上世纪70年代以来,菲律宾违反包括《联合国宪章》在内的国际法和国际关系基本准则,非法侵占了中国南沙群岛的马欢岛、费信岛、中业岛、北子岛、南钥岛、西月岛、双黄沙洲和司令礁等8个岛礁。此外,菲还企图侵占中国的仁爱礁和黄岩岛。

多年来,菲律宾在非法侵占的岛礁上不断大兴土木新建扩建岛礁设施、部署武备。

以中业岛为例,2015年5月,菲律宾军方曾组织一批记者登岛参观。《菲律宾星报》援引登岛记者的见闻介绍,菲律宾已在中业岛上修建了办公房、数十栋民房、一条机场跑道,还在跑道边设置两台40毫米口径高射炮,岛中央最高处建有一座大约4层楼高的观察哨所。此外,岛上还建有军营、医疗中心和简易码头,驻扎着数十名菲军士兵。菲方派遣运输船每3个月向岛上输送一次补给。

岛上居民介绍,菲政府每半个月为每户家庭提供16公斤大米、一些罐头食品和面条,吸引菲民众移居至此,加强其所谓“主权宣示”。由于菲律宾补给能力限制,目前岛上能居住200人左右,其中平民上限为110人。

2003年至2005年之间,菲律宾军方在对中业岛机场跑道进行维修时,对机场西段受海水侵蚀处共计填海造地854平方米。

前不久,就在菲律宾“装模作样”宣称暂停建设中业岛的同时,还派遣数架运输机向中业岛运送了大量物资,用于中业岛机场升级改造工程。

此外,菲律宾还在中业岛、马欢岛和费信岛等岛礁建设所谓旅游设施。

越南:填海造地规模扩大

越南在其非法侵占的南海岛礁填海造地开始较早。据媒体报道,越南早在上世纪八九十年代就已开始填海造地活动,并且近两年来规模显著扩大。

目前,越南已在南海20多个岛礁填海造地。越南在岛礁上同步建设了港池、机场跑道、导弹阵地、办公楼、营房、宾馆、灯塔等大量固定设施,还在万安滩、西卫滩、李准滩、奥南暗沙等处建设多座高脚屋和直升机平台等设施。

2016年5月,美国智库“战略与国际问题研究中心”的“亚洲海事透明度倡议”项目发表报告说,卫星照片证据表明,越南至少对南沙群岛其占据的10个岛礁有填海造地行为,新建面积约120英亩(约48.56公顷),主要集中在南威岛、西礁和景宏岛等,其中大多数填海工程是在最近两年中开展的。

具体来看,南威岛被越南当做其非法侵占南沙岛礁的“军事指挥中心”和“行政中心”重点建设,越南在南威岛上的填海造地面积目前已达37.19英亩(约15公顷),岛上驻扎了军队,还建有军营。

2015年4月和5月至今,越南对南威岛进行了大规模机场和港口扩建,在南威岛东北侧采取“边挖边填”方式开展人工港池建设工程,包括挖掘大型港池、建设防波堤等,并将挖掘出来的珊瑚砂运至西南侧进行机场扩建围填。

在西礁,越南于1994年就建设了灯塔和一些军事设施,并于2011年开始新建礁楼、大规模填海造地和建设军事设施。美国智库根据卫星照片统计,截至2016年4月,越南在西礁造地面积已达70.5英亩(约28.5公顷),是西礁原陆地面积的35倍。

在景宏岛,越南从2006年即开始填海造地,截至2016年3月已造地26.07英亩(约10.5公顷),并建有军营、家属区和居民区等较完善的设施,是景宏岛原陆地面积的4倍多。

责任编辑:赵逸 CN039
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