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菲裁定美菲防务协议不违宪 曾被批背叛国家主权

2016-01-13 08:56:31   环球网

【环球军事报道】在菲律宾和美国12日外长、防长2+2会谈开始前的几个小时,菲律宾最高法院宣布,菲美两国2014年签署的《加强防务合作协议》“不违宪”。法新社称,外界普遍认为该协议是美国“亚太再平衡”战略的一部分,以抗衡中国在南海上不断扩大的影响力,菲最高法院的裁决“为美国加强在菲的军事部署铺平了道路”。此前,菲美防务协议在菲律宾引起巨大争议,被批评为是“对国家主权的侮辱和背叛”。

据菲律宾GMA新闻网12日报道,菲最高法院当天以10票赞成4票反对裁定菲美《加强防务合作协议》“不违宪”。路透社援引菲最高法院发言人西奥多的话称,根据菲宪法第18条款,总统有权签署“将现存法律和条约付诸实施”的行政协议,且该行政协议无须经国会批准。新加坡《联合早报》称,菲美防务协议为期10年,根据协议,菲方将允许美军在指定区域新建军事设施或升级现有的基础设施以及扩大轮换部署。由于菲律宾宪法禁止外国在菲设立军事基地,批评者认为该协议违反了宪法中关于国家主权、领土完整、国家利益、禁止核武器和地方自治权的规定。《菲律宾星报》称,此前,菲政府和参议院在防务协议是否违宪的问题上产生巨大分歧,因此最后交由最高法院裁决此事。

GMA称,菲外交部发言人傅查理12日就最高法院的裁定表示,这为实施《加强防务合作协议》打下了基础。菲总统府新闻秘书科罗马12日称,该协议将提高菲律宾的防务能力,也能提高菲律宾在人道主义救援方面的水平。菲陆军司令伊利贝利称,菲美防务协议“对加深关键盟友的防务合作是好事。菲方期待更进一步的合作,以推进菲律宾军队现代化发展,维护海上安全”。美国方面也在第一时间对菲最高法院的裁定“表示欢迎”。美国驻菲大使馆12日发表声明称,“协议对于两国来说是互惠的,有助于加强两国关系”。不过,迎接菲法院“不违宪”裁定的并非是一致的叫好声。路透社称,12日有几十名抗议者在菲最高法院前举行示威活动,称其裁定“没有根据”,批评菲律宾由此即将成为“美国军事介入的发射台”。

中国国际问题研究院研究员沈世顺12日接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示,菲律宾今年举行大选,未来谁接任总统尚无法预测,新领导人对美菲军事合作的态度因此存在变数,所以菲总统阿基诺三世希望在这之前推动与美国的防务协议正式生效。路透社援引安全专家的话评论称,菲美防务协议是阿基诺三世为下届政府留下的政治遗产,他将在今年6月卸任。考虑到目前正处于美国和中国进行“南海较量”的背景下,该协议有助于美国平衡中国的影响力。

沈世顺说,美国与菲律宾在南海问题上“互相需要”,菲方需要美方进一步保持在菲的军事存在,美国则需要它的“小兄弟”更多地站出来,为其“巡航”南海提供军事基地和后勤补给。虽然美国在1992年关闭了在菲律宾的最后一个军事基地,但菲军方一直没有中断与美军的联系。如今菲最高法院裁定菲美防务协议符合宪法,美军又可以“名正言顺”地返回,菲律宾作为美国在亚太地区“马前卒”的地位将进一步凸显。

当地时间12日上午,菲律宾和美国的2+2会谈将在华盛顿召开。美国国务院发言人柯比11日证实,南海问题在会谈的议程之内,因为这是双方“都关心的话题”。他还称,相关讨论可能会很“热烈”。据英国广播公司报道,菲律宾外交部发言人11日表示,菲方将要求美方继续派军舰飞机到南海海域巡航,双方可能还会讨论美国与其盟友进行联合巡逻的可能性。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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