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资料图:南海舰队170“兰州”号导弹驱逐舰
原标题:邢广梅:中美之争实质不在“规则”
国际社会一直流行有关“中美规则之争”的讨论。美国总统奥巴马不久前在谈到TPP时明确表示“不能让中国书写全球经济规则”,这使相关讨论变得更加热闹。但在笔者看来,规则之争只是一种表象,美国拿“规则”说事,实际上是想把它当成一个借口,极具欺骗性。
尽管中美之“争”确实存在,但“美国之争”与“中国之争”内涵并不相同:中国争的是国家的生存和发展权,关键点是中国国际发展空间的拓展和国际影响力的提升;美国争的则是维系全球霸权和美元霸主地位。美国认为中国崛起威胁到其根本利益,因此它的“争”就是要遏制住中国国际影响力的增长。而这必然导致其与中国迎头相撞,造成今天中美冲突的现实。
短期来看,美国还将为实现所谓的战略目的做出更多努力。其中一个方向就是通过各种方式加大在亚太地区的存在,比如通过直接兵力部署或加大巡航频度;再如出售武器装备给盟国或其他伙伴,并与相关国家举行联合军演。通过加强自身存在,美国谋求平衡中国在南海的军事能力建设。很多人都担心,随着形势进一步发展,南海可能出现“擦枪走火”甚至“必有一战”。避免这种可能性的主要办法就是美国放弃全球霸权战略和冷战思维,接受中国崛起的现实,但目前来看美国还做不到这一点。因此,中国还得承受美国不接受中国发展并竭力遏制中国的现实。
“美国之争”,即美国对中国的遏制,强大而有手段。说强大,是指美国近百年霸权的实力积累以及兼收并蓄、包容万千的软实力;说有手段,是指美国经营半个多世纪的军事同盟体制和实用主义的灵活运用。“中国之争”艰难而阻力重重。说艰难,是指中国正在经历新一轮巨大变革:互联网等新技术带给社会的全方位变革,中国经济结构的转型,中国新军事变革的推进以及政法、文化等领域的机制改良和完善等;说阻力重重,是指中国的发展时时遭受来自美国及其盟友的牵制和挑衅。
总体而言,中美之间的合作大于对抗竞争,只是当前中美关系的高音变成了竞争和对抗,而且烈度有上升的趋势。其中最危险的接触点无疑是在海上,尤其是在南海方向。当前,中美之间虽有危机管控机制,双方管控危机的意愿也很明确,但要真正防范冲突的爆发,根本上还是取决于美国对既往战略的调整。美国在亚太地区做何选择,将直接影响该地区甚至整个世界的和平与稳定。就此而言,缓解中美之争不仅仅是中国的责任,更是摆在美国面前的一个现实而紧迫的挑战。
责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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