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美刊:中国“白色船”令美在南海进退两难(图)

2014-05-13 09:02:45   中国新闻网

资料图片:2013年10月29日,中国海警局46102船航行至西沙永乐群岛海域。当日,中国海警局46102船前往西沙永乐群岛海域,对包括晋卿岛、鸭公岛等岛礁周边海域进行常态化巡航。巡航期间,海警官兵协助三沙市政府工作人员完成了对岛礁渔民的补给任务。新华社记者魏骅摄

美国《国防》月刊6月号(提前出版)发表题为《海警对决,南海争端成形》的文章,作者为丹·帕森斯。文章称,中国已开始依靠民事海上执法机构在南海等地区较温和地施加影响力。

文章认为,中国依靠执法而不是军事力量来维护其区域主导地位的做法让美国海军进退两难,如果用军舰遏制中国推进的方式有可能引起国际事件。

美国海军第七舰队司令戴维·亚当斯表示,这种局面要求在西太平洋增派美国海岸警卫队力量。

亚当斯说:“我们在太平洋几乎没有白色船。我们必须为海岸警卫队提供经费,不是用于执行常规任务,而是帮助解决在太平洋的白色船难题。”

亚当斯表示,国防部作战规划人员所看重的航母以及其他美国海军力量标志并不能有效对付中国的软实力“扩张主义”。他指出,海军官员在为高端反介入/区域拒止式冲突做准备,中国却采取一种不大可能挑起大规模战争的混合式作战策略,包括法律、经济、高技术、网络等隐蔽的进攻招数。亚当斯还说:“海军总是想像自己主要在太平洋上开展势不可挡的舰队行动,这种仗不是我们要打的。”

文章说,中国最近创建了自己的海警力量,其建立基础与美国海岸警卫队极为相似,其船只新涂染的白色船体在颜色和设计上都与美国海岸警卫队的小型武装快艇相同。

美国海岸警卫队指挥官罗伯特·帕普今年2月在海军学会主办的一个会议上说:“他们甚至把船涂成白色,在上面饰以条纹,印上'中国海警'字样。”

美国海军负责情报与信息作战的官员詹姆斯·法内尔说,2013年3月,中国的全国人民代表大会批准重组其民间海上舰队,将其他机构的所有捕鱼和执法快艇并入新成立的中国海警。中国海警由一个民事部门管理,法内尔指出,这“掩护了”中国在该地区的“扩张活动”。

美联社今年3月曾报道称,中国海警船只在南沙群岛“骚扰”菲律宾船只。4月,日本海上保安厅遇到驶经有争议海域的中国非军事船只。另有报道说,中国海警船在钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿周围行驶。

法内尔说:“南海和东海紧张局势恶化,中国海警扮演了对抗者角色--骚扰中国的邻国,他们的保护者--人民解放军海军舰艇则在该地区各港口停靠。”他还说,中国官员称中国海军和海警的行动并未经过协调,但“这根本不属实”。

传统基金会亚洲研究中心高级研究员李成表示,中国海警是世界上最大的海上执法机构。

李成说:“灰色船、也就是海军舰艇,通常被认为特别容易导致事态升级,这是有充分理由的。因此中国一直依靠所谓'白色船'来强调他们的主张。”

美国新安全研究中心亚太安全项目副主任埃利·拉特纳指出,中国海警在数量上超过了该地区其他类似力量,尤其是美国非军事海上执法力量。与其他国家的海警相比,中国能集中更多船只和人力,能在海上停留更长时间。拉特纳说:“因此我认为这是明明白白的军事胁迫。”

李成表示,美国海岸警卫队即便不派出船只和人员直接对付中国的非军事“挑衅”,也可以支援和参加联合海上执法。他说:“海岸警卫队是民事部门,我觉得它没有理由不应与(亚太地区)美国盟友的海警和民事执法机构协力行动。”

李成指出,海岸警卫队可以在打击海盗、堵截毒品走私、打击贩卖人口活动等方面与菲律宾和越南等伙伴国联手。美方可以向这些国家传授在美国领海和南美洲周边执法的经验。

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