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央行喊话 年末流动性有保障

2017-12-16 11:22:43   中国经济网

据新华社北京12月14日电 北京时间14日凌晨,美联储如外界预期的那样宣布加息25个基点。几小时后,中国人民银行进行的公开市场操作中标利率小幅上行5个基点。二者之间有着怎样的关联?年末流动性历来偏紧,市场利率上行背景下今年“年关”会过得怎样?

“公开市场操作利率是通过央行招标、交易对手投标产生的,本身就是市场化的利率。岁末年初银行体系流动性需求较强,公开市场操作投标倍数较高,利率随行就市上行是反映市场供求的结果,同时也是市场对美联储刚刚加息的正常反应。”央行公开市场业务操作室负责人明确表示。

此次美联储加息早已在市场预期内,加上此前中国资本外流压力持续缓解,中美十年期国债利差保持较高水平,业内普遍认为此次美联储加息对中国金融市场没有直接冲击,当日人民币对美元汇率中间价还出现了小幅上涨。但由于美国货币政策的外溢性,以及全球金融市场联系日益紧密,中国市场利率顺势而为也很自然。

“这次公开市场操作利率的小幅上行,是随行就市的适应性调整,也是对市场预期的合理引导。”中国社科院金融所银行研究室主任曾刚说,美国是真正意义上的加息,中国公开市场操作利率上行局限于金融市场,不能混为一谈。目前中国实体经济的情况,客观上需要中国存贷款基准利率保持基本稳定。

此次公开市场操作利率的上行,还有更多考量因素。

“目前货币市场利率显著高于公开市场操作利率,此次公开市场操作利率小幅上行可适度收窄二者之间的利差,有助于修复市场扭曲,理顺货币政策传导机制。”央行这位负责人直言,此举客观上有利于市场主体形成合理的利率预期,避免金融机构过度加杠杆和扩张广义信贷,对控制宏观杠杆率也可起到一定的作用。

交通银行金融研究中心高级研究员陈冀分析,公开市场操作利率此时小幅上行,可能政策信号意义大于对市场实质性影响。未来货币政策仍将保持稳健中性,而灵活性、前瞻性会增强。

公开市场操作利率小幅上行,其实也是年末资金供求关系变化的结果。年末金融机构和实体企业面临业绩考核、财务结算等各方面压力,流动性偏紧是一般规律,利率就会出现上行。此外,中国经济下半年表现出的韧性超出市场预期,市场利率上行也有实体经济需求的一定支撑。

为稳定市场对流动性“年关”的预期,这次央行明确放话:考虑到岁末年初银行体系流动性需求增强,央行将灵活开展公开市场操作,保障银行体系合理的季节性流动性需求。

根据央行公布的情况,10月底以来央行已通过逆回购提供了8700亿元跨年资金,随着年末临近将合理搭配期限品种继续提供跨年资金。同时,12月份两次开展1年期中期借贷便利MLF操作,对冲月内到期后加量投放1010亿元,显著高于上月80亿元的增量。

此外,央行预计12月份财政因素将净供给流动性超过1万亿元,明年初普惠金融降准措施落地将释放长期流动性3000亿元左右。对于2018年春节前主要商业银行因现金大量投放而产生的流动性需求,央行也已作了安排。

“总的来看,银行体系跨年、跨春节流动性供应是有保障的。”央行这位负责人强调。

(责任编辑:马欣)

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