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“超级议息周”来临 全球货币政策“紧”字当头

2017-12-12 07:41:18   中国经济网

本周全球央行将迎来“超级议息周”,欧洲央行、英国央行以及美联储将举行议息会议,其中美联储加息的概率非常大。市场人士还预计,随着经济向好、通胀回升,全球货币政策或逐步趋紧,更多央行会加入加息阵营,此前的宽松周期高峰已接近尾声。

美联储本周加息几成定局

本周四,美联储、英国央行以及欧央行均将举行议息会议。在此前调整过货币政策后,市场预计此次英国央行和欧央行将按兵不动,而看点无疑在于美联储。

芝商所(CME)对于美联储联邦基金利率期货走势监测显示,投资者预计美联储此次会议加息25基点的概率为90.2%,加息50基点的概率也达到9.8%,而预计此次按兵不动的概率为0。

华尔街主要机构几乎全部预计美联储将加息,多数预计其将加息25基点,幅度与此前几次相同。

丹斯克银行报告指出,11月非农报告不会改变市场对美联储12月加息的预期,尽管对于美联储而言最新就业数据不太尽如人意。

德意志银行在11日最新发布的展望报告中指出,美联储仍处在渐进式加息周期,其预计在12月将迎来新一轮加息,并在2018年和2019年分别进行四轮和三轮加息。

BMO私人银行首席投资官艾博林指出,目前美股仍能走强的部分原因在于市场几乎完全消化了美联储12月加息的预期。这也可能与市场对宽松货币政策的依赖程度降低有关。实际上,总体来看美联储的政策仍然相当宽松,投资者在当前这个阶段不太关注加息。

彭博分析师表示,投资者可能低估了美联储未来加息的步伐。部分投资者预计美联储到2018年底前只会加息两次。但从美联储“点阵图”来看,政策制定者可能计划在明年年底前实现四次加息。

宽松周期高峰已过

尽管英国和欧洲央行本周可能维持货币政策不变,但业内机构预计未来更多央行或逐步收紧货币政策。

德意志银行中国区首席经济学家张智威指出,过去一年全球经济环境良好,日本和欧洲经济增速提升,金融市场平稳。2018年中国的外部环境将充满变化,全球主要央行将收紧货币政策。欧洲央行及日本央行缩减资产购买规模、美联储缩表体现出这一轮全球量化宽松周期的高峰已过。

高盛集团也在报告中预计,明年加息的央行可能不止美联储。美国已超过充分就业,英国已达到了充分就业的临界点,而欧元区的闲置部分也缩小;美联储、英国央行、加拿大央行、瑞典央行和新西兰联储明年都可能加息以控制通胀。

今年下半年以来,全球多家央行开始收紧货币政策。11月30日,韩国央行宣布加息25基点至1.5%,为六年多来首次加息,同时也是自2015年美联储开启加息周期之后,首个跟进的亚洲主要经济体。英国央行则在11月2日结束的议息会议后宣布,加息25个基点至0.5%。随着欧元区的经济复苏势头持续加强,欧洲央行也开始释放退出信号。在今年10月的货币政策会议上,欧洲央行虽维持了超低的基础利率,但从2018年1月起,将每个月购债规模由此前的600亿欧元缩减至300亿欧元,开始释放退出信号。在更早前,加拿大央行在今年7月和9月出乎意料地两次加息,将基准利率上调至1%。

(责任编辑:关婧)

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