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银行“水龙头”拧紧 债券私募冲规模利器受限

2017-11-24 08:06:31   中国经济网

11月17日,央行会同银监会、证监会、保监会、外汇局等部门公布《关于规范金融机构资产管理业务的指导意见(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《指导意见》),意味着我国百万亿资产管理市场迈入统一监管新时代。按照《指导意见》,未来债券私募争取委外资金难度上升,短期内规模大概率缩水,两极分化加剧。

冲规模利器受限

业内人士认为,债券私募结构化产品将明显受限。而结构化产品一直是债券私募冲规模利器,中小型债券私募将面临较大转型压力。

某管理规模达百亿的债券产品经理介绍,《指导意见》规定优先级不得承诺保本保收益,债券私募做结构化产品难度将大大提升。据了解,目前债券私募的结构化产品,多在承诺保本保收益的前提下找银行做配资认购优先级,且分级比例一般为4:1和5:1,有时甚至达到9:1,明显超出《指导意见》允许比例。

目前结构化产品占债券私募整体规模的三分之一,深受中小型债券私募喜爱。在优先劣后的结构安排下,由于优先级常被承诺保本保收益,导致风险完全让渡到劣后级,劣后级的风险放大至投资标的的数倍。但对私募来说,这类产品的多发,可实现管理规模的快速增长。此外,一位业绩优异、主打定增的私募CEO告诉记者,近期银行配资成本又有增长,年底资金紧,叠加《指导意见》或为原因。

结构化产品受限之后,中小型债券私募如何扩大规模?另一位管理百亿债券私募的人士分析,债券私募冲规模或可通过创新营销方式。通过分期募集等方式并借助代销平台的力量,部分债券私募已实现较大幅度的规模增长,成立三年便跻身百亿私募之列。但随着投资者日趋成熟,最终仍是业绩为王,尤其是长期业绩。该人士认为,结构化产品受限后,债券私募的门槛提高。在存量资金不变的情况下,利好业绩优异者。因此,他预计未来行业分化将加剧。

资金池产品遭禁

除了结构化产品,《指导意见》对资金池也提出规范性要求,而资金池亦是近些年中小型私募重点发展的产品类型。

业内人士介绍,资金池类现金管理产品近几年在债券私募中风行。此类产品常见的结构是私募借信托通道承接银行理财资金,再以信托计划的方式投向公募基金的专户资管计划。嵌套公募专户资管计划是为了规避信托计划可投资标的限制。这类产品在中小型债券私募中非常受欢迎。一则其多为预期收益型,容易向投资者推介;二则滚动发行可灵活承接城商行、农商行理财资金。对于尚未进入大银行白名单的新私募来说,近两年的城商行、农商行委外为重点资金来源。尽管表外理财纳入MPA考核之后,商业银行委外收紧。但据记者了解,此类产品在新兴私募中依然较为常见。多层嵌套往往涉及多层杠杆,并拉长了产品链条。如此一来,无论是资金池设置还是多层嵌套,杠杆倍数都容易违反《指导意见》中的要求。

对于存量产品,北京某债券私募创始人表示,监管收紧,部分投资标的流动性会受影响,已提前控制现金管理产品规模,近期只接收期限较长的资金。

银行水龙头拧紧

结构化产品受限,资金池产品遭禁,新私募冲规模的两个轮子均遇阻。而银行端的理财产品转型及理财规模缩水令获取委外资金的难度上升,“营养不良”的中小型债券私募获取委外资金更是难上加难。

《指导意见》要求银行理财打破刚兑,预计理财产品规模短期缩水。作为委外资金的重要来源,银行“水龙头”拧紧,包括债券私募在内的资管机构立即“口渴”。

农行资产管理部副总经理彭向东表示,《指导意见》意味银行理财需进行根本型的转型——从预期收益型理财产品为主转向以净值型产品为主,预计短期内银行理财规模会一定程度缩水。但由于《指导意见》实行新老划断,银行有一定时间适应,不会骤然扰动市场,后续银行或成立子公司进行理财产品管理。净值型理财产品取代预期收益型产品后会促进竞争,提升银行理财产品投资管理水平。而产品竞争到位会推动激励机制,进一步促进理财产品投资管理水平提升,形成良性循环。

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