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私募产品最高杠杆比例明确 合格投资者标准提高

2017-11-20 07:31:13   中国经济网

每经记者 刘海军 每经编辑 毕陆名

大资管统一监管的时代到来了。11月17日,中国人民银行、银监会、证监会、保监会、外汇局联合发布《关于规范金融机构资产管理业务的指导意见(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《征求意见稿》)。

此意见稿一出,市场人士纷纷对此作出解读。火山君(微信号:huoshan5188)了解到,在私募领域,此次新规主要体现在私募产品的杠杆规定和合格投资者认定两大方面。有私募人士表示,新规后,对私募而言,专业化的机构或将更加有利。

私募两大重点引关注

数据显示,截至2016年末,我国金融机构资产管理业务中,银行表内、表外理财产品资金余额分别为5.9万亿元、23.1万亿元;信托公司受托管理的资金信托余额为17.5万亿元;公募基金、私募基金、证券公司资管计划、基金及其子公司资管计划的规模分别为9.2万亿元、10.2万亿元、17.6万亿元、16.9万亿元;保险资管计划余额为1.7万亿元。

此次《征求意见稿》中,有两个部分是需要重点关注的。

第一,就是关于私募产品的杠杆问题。

就分级产品设计方面,在新规中规定,以下产品不得进行份额分级。1、公募产品;2、开放式私募产品;3、投资于单一投资标的私募产品,投资比例超过50%即视为单一;4、投资债券、股票等标准化资产比例超过50%的私募产品。

另外,分级私募产品的总资产不得超过该产品净资产的140%。分级私募产品应当根据所投资资产的风险程度设定分级比例(优先级份额/劣后级份额,中间级份额计入优先级份额)。固定收益类产品的分级比例不得超过3:1,权益类产品的分级比例不得超过1:1,商品及金融衍生品类产品、混合类产品的分级比例不得超过2:1。发行分级资产管理产品的金融机构应当对该资产管理产品进行自主管理,不得转委托给劣后级投资者。

上述杠杆比例规定要严格于现有私募规定,也就是说,以后私募公司在行情好时不能再通过多倍,如5倍或10倍杠杆放大收益了。

在此次资管新规中,对私募影响很广的另外一点就是对合规投资者门槛的提高。

资管产品划分为公募产品和私募产品。资产管理产品的投资者分为不特定社会公众和合格投资者两大类。私募产品面向合格投资者通过非公开方式发行。

其中,合格投资者是指具备相应风险识别能力和风险承担能力,投资于单只资产管理产品不低于一定金额且符合下列条件的自然人和法人。家庭金融资产不低于500万元,或者近3年本人年均收入不低于40万元,且具有2年以上投资经历;最近1年末净资产不低于1000万元的法人单位;金融监督管理部门视为合格投资者的其他情形。

而此前私募基金合格投资者的门槛是:净资产不低于1000 万元的单位;金融资产不低于300万元或者最近三年个人年均收入不低于50万元的个人。

私募:专业化机构受益

虽然新规对私募产品的杠杆和合格投资者设定做了严格规定,但北京一券商人士解读称,刚兑的强制认定标准出台,资产管理计划流动性差的资产风险管理成本直线上升。如非标资产、定增等。新规为资产证券化业务兴起创造了良好的投资环境。而流动性收紧、规范性加强,不同领域的影响不同,私募证券投资基金领域受冲击最小。

星石投资首席执行官杨玲表示,《征求意见稿》对资金池的表述更加明晰,规定封闭式资产管理产品最短期限不得低于90天,投资非标资产终止日不得晚于封闭式资产管理产品的到期日或者开放式资产管理产品的最近一次开放日,这也就在实质上意味着银行不能再通过滚动发行超短期的理财产品投资到长期的资产当中获取期限利差,也不能通过开放式理财产品间接实现“短募长投”,3个月以下的封闭式理财产品或从此消失。

“《征求意见稿》在消除多层嵌套部分的规定更加务实,并未将委外一刀切,而是可以投资一层资产管理产品,这充分考虑到了实践当中有的机构自身投资能力有限,需要与其它机构开展合作,发挥各自特长的情况,专业化的资管机构也将能够更好的发挥自身的比较优势,与在客户端有优势的机构开展合作。其实经过多年的分业发展,各类资管机构各有短板和长处,这不是短期可以拉平的。例如:长期以来,银行资管擅长固定收益投资,风险控制体系的优势在于信贷。由分业向混业转型的过程中,权益类投资,投资团队的建立和风控体系的建立需要一定时间。而有的机构在投资端的比较优势则非常明显,例如私募证券投资基金,因为没有客户优势所以更专注于投资,双方合作空间很大。”杨玲说道。

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