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共享单车洗牌 怎能让消费者埋单

2017-11-17 16:21:12   中国经济网

应验了那句名言:潮水退去,方知谁在裸泳。共享单车近年如潮汹涌,然一到洗牌时刻,再耀眼的明星也会轰然倒下。近期,不时传出有共享单车无以为继、人去楼空的消息,一时间满城风雨。如今,就连号称“最好骑”的小蓝单车也不幸跻身其中,更不幸的是,消费者也无辜受牵连。

近日,不断有网友反映共享单车押金难退的问题,有的申请退还超过两月都未收到退款。小蓝单车的APP中,干脆连“退款信息”的界面都消失了,而酷骑单车还要求只在北京总部进行押金退款,且要求出示身份证、户口本乃至结婚证等。总之,客户存押金时,手机一点搞掂,但要索回时,却费尽周折。因申请退款难,排队太长,还出现了黄牛……

收取押金这是共享单车业普遍的做法,每位客户100元至数百不等。单个看数额不多,但因基数大,动辄几百上千万,因此,押金汇聚起来,数额不菲。有的共享单车还通过充值、套餐优惠等,吸引用户预缴款,所有加起来恐怕要以亿计。假如这些押金“泡汤”,对消费者来说无疑损失巨大。

共享单车刚问世时,其收取押金的做法就备受争议。有人曾尖锐地指出,假如操盘者席卷押金跑路怎么办?如今看来,真是一语成谶。有的共享单车还没运行多久,便关门歇业,老板不见人影,虽说或是融资不继,资金链断裂,但对消费者来说,其效果与“圈钱走佬”无异。

从法理上说,押金虽然在商家手中,但其所有权并未转移,仍属于消费者而非商家。因此,企业既不能随意挪用客户押金,亦不可无故扣压和不退还。在今年8月由交通部等10部门推出的鼓励和规范共享单车发展的文件中,也明确提出鼓励以免押金方式提供租赁服务,企业已收取押金或预付资金的,要设专用账户,专款专用,并完善退还制度,接受主管部门监管。从媒体披露的情况看,那些押金退还难的共享单车企业,所谓建专用账户及专款专用等,其实并未真正落实。

纵观近年一些共享单车短暂的风光经历,不难发现,某些商家不惜大把撒钱,铺摊子跑马圈地,事实上是把押金当做扩张的资本,而且对前景过于乐观,甚至把押金视作源源不竭的财源。一旦现实与预期不符,资金断流便难免。所以,退押金难无意间也暴露出共享单车业的短腿,在前期投入巨大而又赢利模式未明时,共享经济实际有着较高的进入门槛。但这一点恰恰被许多运营方忽略,从而导致经营悲剧上演。

无论如何,对于普遍收取押金的共享单车业,其兴衰荣辱已不只是企业的事,而事关千百万消费者的切身利益。就商业伦理而言,借钱生财,依托收取押金方式以谋发展,似也无可厚非,但商家与客户的契约关系必须遵守。押金须还给客户,这是常识,亦是起码的商业规则。而一旦违背这种契约,就有蓄意诈骗之嫌。

共享单车面临退押金难,实际上也给政府的监管提了醒。共享单车作为新经济形态,当其初兴时,从政策和监管上采取宽容和扶持态度,是必要的。但随着共享经济的勃兴,诸如退押金难等问题越来越显露时,政府的监管就需及时补位并强化。共享经济既然是商业行为,企业就应为自身的运营失误担责,而不能让客户埋单,否则就如同抢劫,必须逐出市场。(作者是本报首席评论员)

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