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互金平台扎堆赴美上市

2017-11-15 08:11:40   中国经济网

乐信昨日提交赴美(纳斯达克)上市招股说明书,融360也将在本周赴美(纽交所)敲钟上市,在国庆节后的一个多月时间内,已经有趣店、和信贷、拍拍贷等多家中国互联网金融平台成功登陆美国股市,将互金平台赴美上市推向了一个高潮。

不过,上市之后却并非所有平台的股价一路高涨。而在财报透明之下,平台上市究竟是喜还是忧?

互金平台上市融资普遍过亿美元

“去美国敲钟”,俨然成为互联网金融平台奋斗定的方向。今年“十一”过后,国内互金平台大都在忙着赴美上市的事情,不管是纳斯达克,还是纽交所。自在2015年宜人贷成为首家登陆美股的中国互联网金融概念股之后,中国互金企业赴美上市的热情不断高涨,融资额也水涨船高。

招股说明书显示,今年上市和准备上市的互金平台的美元融资额大多过亿,只有信而富、和信贷的融资额不足1亿美元。其中,趣店的融资额高达9亿美元,昨日刚刚递交招股说明书的乐信拟募资5亿美元。

“其实募资多少并不是最重要的,对企业来说,最重要的就是背书。”一位互金业内人士表示,美股的审核十分严格,如果能够登陆美股,从一个角度上说明平台本身是可以的。

扎堆上市并非各家互金平台的本意。早在几年前,就曾有多家互金平台传出“准备赴美上市”的消息,但迟迟不见行动。为何此次中国互金平台集中赴美IPO?苏宁金融研究院互联网金融中心主任薛洪言认为,主要源于窗口期已经来临。

“虽然各家平台准备IPO的时间点不同,但因此前监管规定还未出炉,暂停后重启就形成了目前的上市窗口期。”薛洪言表示,除了背书的需求外,通过融资缓解经营压力、资本退出、员工激励等等,也足以令互金平台的上市意愿变得更加强烈。

值得注意的是,所有已上市和准备上市的互金平台都曾有过至少3次的融资经历。例如,趣店就曾经历8次融资,此次在美上市后,其股东蚂蚁金服投资3年的收益率接近2000%,昆仑万维借此变现3.45亿元。

为什么都是美国?A股上市窗口尚未开启

对于中国互金企业而言,美国股市更像一片福地:无论是早期上市的宜人贷,还是今年年初上市的信而富,抑或加入此次上市潮的各家互金平台,无一例外地选择了赴美上市。

“在美国上市其实并不容易,但互金平台主打金融科技概念,还是希望能在科技氛围比较浓厚的纳斯达克上市。”一位正在准备上市的互金平台工作人员表示,美国股市对金融科技、大数据风控等领域的企业,比国内股市更感兴趣。

经常为中小微企业提供上市融资服务的东方融资网总裁胡玉建表示,赴美上市对互金平台而言是必然之举。不少互金平台在前期融资时就已选择进入美元基金架构,从一开始就做好了赴美上市的打算。

“互联网企业前期都会出现烧钱现象,但如果不盈利,在国内无法上市。”胡玉建表示,互联网金融企业同样如此。美股与A股的一个不同之处在于,美股主要看5年到10年的成长性及企业的商业模式,国内资本市场却有对企业盈利的要求。

实际上,目前已经或即将上市的互金平台中,尽管不少平台已经实现盈利,但也有连续亏损的平台。融360发布的招股说明书显示,今年三季度融360总营收4.67亿元人民币,同比增长384%;净利润亏损1667万元,净亏占比同比下降52%。

还有业内人士向北京晨报记者表示,A股和H股对互联网金融平台的上市十分谨慎,在合规性与盈利状况不明朗的情况下,上市进程暂未开启。但业内人士普遍预计,A股开启互金平台上市或将只是时间问题。

喜忧参半上市是一把双刃剑

无论在哪里敲钟上市,对于企业来说,或许都是个喜庆的日子,至少说明企业已取得阶段性成功,预示着企业的模式被市场认可。对于互金平台来说,上市却是一把双刃剑。

趣店在上市后的第一周,股价跌多涨少,跌幅一度高达近20%。起因是其招股说明书,被认为其流量过于依赖蚂蚁金服,现金贷模式的利率过高引发市场质疑。在此之前,宜人贷的股价也曾因国内出台P2P监管细则而出现大跌。在趣店风波之后,已有地方政府直接叫停了现金贷模式。

胡玉建表示,对互金平台而言,当前的监管政策并未完全出炉,一旦出现政策收紧,就有可能直接反映在股价上,严重时或形成“踩踏”事件。“即便是在机构投资者居多的美国股市,也同样会如此。”

“互金平台上市最怕监管政策出现一刀切”,一位互联网金融平台业内人士直言,“能够在美上市,说明了平台模式具有可持续性,上市也是市场选择的过程,是一种良性淘汰机制。”

薛洪言也认为,互联网金融平台上市对其信息披露及透明度会大有帮助,这也是监管层乐于看到的。实际上,在此之前,监管层就反复要求互联网金融平台披露信息,各地监管部门也花费极大力气建立信息披露平台。

胡玉建还表示,过早上市也会导致企业的创新性和战略性投资受到影响,毕竟投资者会对企业的盈利提出更高要求,对战略性亏损的容忍度较低,这也容易引起股价的异常波动。

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