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流动性压力再度上升—— 多因素抬升市场利率 流动性保持紧平衡

2017-11-15 07:47:36   中国经济网

□ 当前市场利率回升,是流动性调控以及一些周期性因素,如缴税等综合作用下的正常现象,市场不必过度担忧

□ 总的来看,今年内到明年初,流动性仍将保持紧平衡的中性特征,资金面不会有太大的波动

继11月13日在公开市场开展1800亿元逆回购操作后,11月14日,中国人民银行再度开展了2800亿元逆回购操作。其中,7天期、14天期和63天期分别为1300亿元、1200亿元和300亿元。对冲今日到期的1400亿元逆回购之后,实现净投放1400亿元。

临近11月中旬,受到企业缴税、政府债券发行缴款和央行逆回购到期等因素影响,流动性压力再度上升。

企业缴税是影响近期流动性的主要因素。按历史数据推测,15日附近为本月缴税的高峰期,随着税款集中征收入库,将对市场流动性造成较大扰动。同时,15日也是金融机构法定存款准备金例行的缴纳与退缴时点。

中银国际固定收益分析师崔灼驹按照历史数据推测,本月月中,缴税对资金面的冲击大致为8000亿元至9000亿元左右的规模。月末,这部分资金会随财政支出逐步回流。此外,下周有1890亿元MLF(中期借贷便利)到期,这部分资金虽然已在月初一并续作,但与本周流动性供给相比较的话,还是会形成资金供给的回落。

从市场行情看,各期限利率曲线明显陡峭化,以上海银行间同业拆放利率(Shibor)为例,隔夜品种利率继续上行,已经涨至2.83%附近;7天品种上行至2.88%左右。质押式回购利率也是全线上扬,7天品种加权利率已上行至2.94附近。

交通银行金融研究中心高级分析师陈冀认为,当前市场利率回升,是流动性调控以及一些周期性因素,如缴税等综合作用下的正常现象,市场不必过度担忧。央行大概率会适当对冲到期流动性,以防止银行间市场流动性压力快速上升。短期货币政策仍将保持稳健中性,未来财政支出力度可能增加。

从近期公开市场操作看,央行正不断加强对市场的预调和预期引导。10月27日,央行首次开展63天期逆回购,长达63天的逆回购有助于缓解年末财政资金投放造成的资金面紧张,稳定市场对资金面的预期,平滑资金面的波动。

进入11月份后,在近期短期流动性偏紧后,央行立即调整了公开市场操作节奏。9日,公开市场操作结束了连续3天的净回笼,实现等量对冲,10日更是转为净投放500亿元。11日,央行逆回购交易量和净投放量双双加码,当日开展逆回购操作1800亿元,对冲到期逆回购和MLF之后,实现净投放835亿元。这一系列的操作均体现了其维稳市场流动性、平滑利率波动的目标。

中信证券固定收益首席研究员明明认为,在稳健中性货币政策取向不变的前提下,央行年内公开市场操作仍将重点考虑财政性存款的支出和外汇占款的变化,并采取可以对冲以上两项变动的公开市场操作,保持基础货币余额的基本稳定。此外,定向降准将于2018年初开始实施,将向市场提供流动性支持,央行也大概率在12月底作出公开市场操作安排,对冲降准对资金面的冲击。“总的来看,今年内到明年初,流动性仍将保持紧平衡的中性特征,资金面不会有太大的波动”。

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