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原油低价时代恐仍持续

2017-11-10 07:40:59   中国经济网

一如国内商品市场,原油价格的表现也屡屡超预期。在此前持续的页岩油气大量生产、欧佩克不得不推动减产协议来保住价格的市场迅速逆转,到目前,两大基准油价纷纷刷新前期的新高,与国内市场的进口关联度更高的北海布伦特油价站稳60美元的关口,并继续升高。

数据显示,到9日,纽约市场油价盘中围绕每桶57美元附近展开震荡,最近一周内,主力合约价格一度逼近每桶58美元,是2015年6月份来的两年多新高。而另一基准油价英国北海布伦特油价则升至64美元附近,为连续第三个月出现较大幅度的上涨。

在不少研究机构看来,虽然很难确定油价为何突然大幅的上行,但作为全球第一大宗商品,油价的升高明显是多重利多因素推动的结果。“一方面是库存有所下降,一方面是减产协议得到了执行。”上海一家私募投资机构研究部门负责人表示,前期美国的飓风影响,在一般人的印象中,飓风是会影响原油炼制,而会利好汽油市场,但今年墨西哥湾地区重新启动炼油厂,却是增加了对原油的需求。

与此同时,俄罗斯和欧佩克达成的协议得到了很好的遵守,比如俄罗斯,在2016年12月与欧佩克达成的协议中,俄罗斯承诺就其2016年10月的原油高峰产量每日1100万桶每天减产30万桶。俄罗斯能源部长此前就表示,俄罗斯9月份石油的日产量降低了34.6万桶,这种状况与2016年下半年产量连创新高的状况形成鲜明的对比。

此外,值得一提的是,在一些分析人士看来,油价的持续回升也与当前石油市场最受关注的一件大事密切相关,即沙特阿美的上市。“虽然不能说是‘阴谋论’,但在沙特阿美上市的当口,石油重要产国沙特是有动力推升油价的,从而推升沙特阿美的市值,不论是通过执行减产的协定,还是其他的手段。”有分析人士指出。

对于投资者来说,更关注的是后期油价会否继续升高?“短期来看,最重要的还是关注10月份欧佩克的减产协议是否能达成?”对此,华信物产研究员吴娟在郑商所2017年PTA论坛上就表示,如果2018年没有减产协议,实际上未来市场的供应量将极端惊人,油价也会面临巨大的压力。

在吴娟看来,石油生产国2018年是否会继续减产,面临较大的变数。比如欧佩克组织的伊拉克,在此前伊拉克政府和库尔德武装冲突及其后的收复后,库尔德地区的每日60万桶出口基本关闭,但伊拉克在南部地区新增加了20万桶的出口能力,未来如果库尔德问题得到很好解决,是否会恢复之前的出口能力仍有待观察。

在一些业内人士看来,伊拉克在前一轮的减产协议中就比较“摇摆”,随着价格的回升后期是否还能情愿减产面临挑战。

事实上,前期石油生产国的减产协议虽然得到执行,但始终维持的也是一种脆弱的平衡。比如俄罗斯市场,虽然俄罗斯的石油生产严格执行了减产协议,但俄罗斯的石油出口依然在增长。据统计,今年1至9月份俄罗斯的石油出口量比去年同期上涨2%左右,即平均每天出口增加16万桶,一些分析人士认为,这一状况实际上是俄罗斯打了“擦边球”——虽然出口上升,但并不违反减产协议规定的产量下降承诺。

而作为欧佩克组织减产的最大贡献国,沙特近期的减产近期还面临造假的质疑:其背景是沙特近期对外公布的库存数据是持续下滑,但美国一家机构通过卫星图像分析认为,在过去的一年多中,沙特地上油罐的数量却是增加的,一些分析开始质疑,欧佩克给外界的减产也很可能是产油国的“数据伎俩”。

在业内分析人士看来,去年12月底,经历争执近一年才好不容易达成的减产协议是推动油价上行的重要基础。这一协议在5月底延长9个月到2018年上半年。如果年底的谈判不能维持减产,很可能动摇市场强势的基础。“除非有新的极端性的因素支撑。”对此,吴娟指出。

中国石化联合会信息部主任祝昉此前在中粮期货秋季策略上就表示,其实油价依然将处于低油价的时代。从数据来看,国际油价大部分时间仍是处于相对低价的状态,当前50美元至60美元左右的价格也是长期波动区间的中间值附近。

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