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人民币汇率保持稳健走势

2017-11-09 07:20:58   中国经济网

外汇储备九连涨、跨境资金流动和国际收支平衡有序—— 人民币汇率保持稳健走势

今年以来,我国宏观经济保持强劲态势,人民币汇率持续坚挺。与此同时,我国政策基本面也为汇率保持基本稳定打下了基础。美联储加息以及缩表不会动摇我国跨境资金流动总体趋稳的格局

今年以来,人民币汇率上升走势超出市场预期。年初,大部分市场分析报告还认为人民币将持续下跌,甚至有分析认为人民币将“破7”。但实际情况是,人民币汇率今年以来持续坚挺,打破了国内外对人民币汇率的悲观预期。

持续贬值预期被打破

2016年,外汇储备连续减少、人民币对美元汇率中间价全年累计下跌超过6%。当时,市场上对人民币汇率的悲观情绪蔓延,绝大部分机构预测人民币汇率“破7”是大概率。但市场忽略了官方反复强调的内容:人民币汇率将继续在合理均衡的水平上保持基本稳定,不存在持续贬值的基础。

今年以来,人民币对美元汇率保持连续升值。进入10月份以来,虽然美元汇率出现反弹,人民币汇率走势出现震荡,但并没有出现大幅下跌的行情,仅呈现小幅双向波动的走势。

在此背景下,我国外汇储备连续9个月增加,这表明当前资本外流压力减轻。中国金融期货交易所研究院副院长兼首席经济学家赵庆明分析,10月份我国资本流出流入基本平衡,或有少量净流入。

进入四季度后,市场开始担心人民币汇率季节性下跌。从近3年人民币汇率的走势来看,每年四季度人民币汇率总会出现一轮较大波动,尤其在去年四季度,人民币汇率迅速下跌,最低跌至6.97附近。

从内外部因素看,人民币汇率的“抗压性”较大。前3季度国内经济增长6.9%,继续保持强劲态势,经济基本面能够支撑人民币汇率在合理均衡的水平上保持基本稳定。美元虽然有所反弹,但观察其近一段时间的走势,美元指数在95附近反复调整,涨幅趋缓,这也减轻了对人民币汇率的压力。目前,市场分析大多认为,即使四季度季节性因素对人民币汇率的影响不可避免,但人民币对美元单边贬值的预期已经在年内被打破,人民币汇率四季度再度大幅贬值的概率极低。

经济基本面更坚实

人民币今年以来升值幅度较大与中国经济企稳回升密切相关。今年以来,我国经济基本面更加坚实,国际机构多次上调对2017年中国经济的预测,如国际货币基金组织由年初时预测的6.5%逐步上调至10月10日的6.8%,这已经是IMF今年第四次上调中国2017年经济增长预期;世界银行的预测也由年初的6.5%上调至近期的6.7%。外汇局新闻发言人认为,这说明国际社会更加看好中国经济。

与此同时,我国政策基本面也为汇率保持基本稳定打下了坚实基础。我国将进一步参与和推动经济全球化进程,发展更高层次的开放型经济。一方面,随着国内营商环境的不断改善和对外开放措施的积极落实,外资流入仍将保持稳定;另一方面,国内债券市场、股票市场与国际市场的联系更加紧密,相关便利化措施不断跟进,有助于促进境外投资者投资境内资本市场。

“未来基本面因素将持续发挥根本性作用。”外汇局新闻发言人强调。随着人民币汇率形成机制更趋完善,市场主体更加多元化,持续单向的升值或贬值预期将明显减弱,有助于熨平跨境资金的大幅波动,保持外汇供求的总体平衡。

瑞穗证券亚洲公司董事总经理、首席经济学家沈建光预测,人民币大概率会保持稳定,但比上半年升值态势会有所收窄。

美联储缩表影响有限

“不要高估美联储缩表的影响。”招商证券研究发展中心宏观经济研究主管谢亚轩认为,美联储10月份开始缩表、12月份大概率会加息,但过去美联储4次加息对中国跨境资本流动和汇率的影响逐渐减小。

谢亚轩进一步分析,过去中美资产负债表同步扩张——传导渠道是央行外汇占款,如果央行外汇占款在零附近小幅波动,这意味着美联储缩表和中国央行资产负债表之间的直接传导弱化,更难以影响中国货币政策的方向。

外汇局新闻发言人也强调,美联储加息以及缩表不会根本动摇我国跨境资金流动总体趋稳的格局。结合2015年年底美联储首次加息以来的实际情况看,我国跨境资金流动经历了从流出到趋向平衡的过程。

美联储启动加息以来,渐进的方式逐步降低了对市场的影响。今年9月份议息会议后,美联储主席强调缩表将是渐进、可预测的。外汇局新闻发言人认为,这符合美国经济金融运行状况。当前,美国经济长期增长水平依然较弱,美联储货币政策调整对经济的影响需深入评估;近期美国通胀水平持续较低、有所反复;近年来美国资产价格涨幅较快,市场担心美联储货币政策较快调整会刺破资产泡沫。

外汇局新闻发言人指出,影响汇率的因素历来比较复杂,除美联储货币政策外,还与美国经济以及其他主要经济体经济金融等形势相关。例如,美联储资产负债表扩张期间,美元汇率并未持续下跌,基本呈现双向波动;今年以来,美联储加息两次但美元汇率总体贬值。

总体来看,市场普遍认为近期影响人民币汇率大幅波动的因素有限,基本面坚实仍将支撑人民币汇率继续在合理均衡的水平上保持基本稳定。经济日报·中国经济网记者 陈果静

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