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茅台公司拿什么来保证完成2.8万吨计划量?

2017-11-08 17:25:58   中国经济网

11月6日晚间,贵州茅台公告2018年度茅台酒销售计划为2.8万吨以上。这比今年2.68万吨计划量略有增长,但接受红刊财经采访的多位业内人士指出,2.8万吨计划量不足以改变茅台酒供不应求的状况,“2018年茅台公司可能会通过提价和砍掉系列酒计划量,来控制销售量目标,但2019年及2020年不可能连续提价,那么产量不足的问题会更加显露。”

未来三年,茅台酒供应偏向紧张

红刊财经记者了解到,2016年茅台酒销量为2.29万吨,而茅台酒今年的计划量为2.6至2.7万吨左右,同比增长17.03%。虽然今年计划量较去年实际销售量有所增加,但在白酒消费“强复苏”周期的带动下,今年茅台酒在市场上仍供不应求。

数据显示,今年前三季度,茅台已累计发货茅台酒约2.3-2.4万吨。也就是说,按照今年计划量,留给第四季度的销售额度尚不足4000吨。

据招商证券研报,今年四季度,茅台酒发货量预计和去年同期的1.05万吨持平或略低。招商证券在研报中认为,茅台酒2017全年发货量在3.1万吨左右。这与茅台公司全年2.7万吨、第四季度4000吨的预留额度差了4000吨-5000吨左右,也就是说,茅台公司将不得不从明年计划量中拿出同等额度提前到年底市场投放。

茅台酒粉丝俱乐部“茅粉会”会长皮茂帅接受红刊财经采访时指出,前三季度为了调解供求失衡情况,茅台公司已经将今年四季度的销售计划提前释放,而为了填补因此造成的今年四季度的“缺口”,茅台公司大概率会在今年年底提前执行2018年计划量。

那么,茅台公司能否在满足今年年底市场需求的同时,也完成2018年2.8万吨的销售计划呢?

按照贵州茅台计划包装销售量大致占到四年前基酒产量70%左右的观点(贵州茅台酒厂名誉董事长季克良2012年在中欧一次论坛上发表《茅台酒品质保障体系研究》),基于2014年茅台基酒产量38745吨推测,2018年茅台酒预计销量为27121.5吨左右——这和茅台公司公告的2.8万吨销量目标较为接近。如果从2018年计划量中拿出4000吨-5000吨在今年底投放,就会在明年产生同样大的供应缺口。

如果市场需求和今年持平,茅台酒2018年的供应状况实际比今年更为紧张。那么茅台酒2018年计划量是否可以采取和今年类似的手法,即提前使用2019年的计划额呢?

据记者测算,2019年和2020年,茅台基酒可以转化的销售量分别为2.25万吨(2015年基酒3.22万吨)和2.75万吨(2016年基酒3.93万吨),低于2018年销量或与之持平。也就是说,茅台酒未来三年内的产销紧张情况根本不会缓解。

或许,茅台公司意识到基酒不足将进一步导致茅台酒市场供需恶化,茅台公司今年确定增加基酒产能的方针,在2018年1月之前,要开工建设6400吨茅台酒基酒新增产能项目,确保2019年茅台酒基酒产能达到5.5万吨。但这些产能最终在2022年及以后获得释放。

茅台提价不得不发

由此可见,未来茅台酒供需博弈的局面仍将持续存在,但酒价向上的趋势似乎也已不可逆转。高溪资产合伙人陈继豪在接受红刊财经采访时称,对标前几年的基酒产量,2.8万吨的计划量其实是在业界预期之内,并不会比去年销售量多太多。“但更大的问题是2019年茅台还要面临减产,如果要保持供需平衡且维持业绩增速,茅台目前有两个办法。”

“第一个办法是茅台酒提价”,陈继豪表示,从目前了解到的情况,茅台公司现在一直在各经销商处做提价前的调研,从公开渠道反馈回来的信息来看,茅台出厂价提高到每瓶999元已经形成普遍共识,预计过了明年春节提价就会陆续展开。红刊财经记者了解到,飞天茅台批价在中秋曾一度小幅回落至1300元,之后迅速回升至1350元,受十一放假及双节后发货放缓影响,近期批价再次回升至1400元上下。如果依陈继豪所言茅台调整出厂价,茅台酒市场价无疑将被进一步推高。

“此外,茅台公司还有另一个调剂的手段就是削减系列酒份额,从今年三季度开始,王子酒等占用基酒资源的系列酒的份额被茅台公司不断压缩,以此来保证53°飞天茅台的供给,我们预计明年茅台公司将依旧将采用这种策略保证供应。”不过,陈继豪对红刊财经记者说,2019年市场情况或将出现变化,“2019年茅台酒产能下降,市场供应量缩小,茅台公司只能依靠提价维持供需和业绩增长,因此我们判断2019年茅台公司的业绩增速不会太快,大概率将降低至个位数增速。”

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