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连平:精细化“削峰填谷”不应误读为“政策宽松”

2017-10-31 09:45:56   央广网

经济日报-中国经济网北京10月31日讯 近期债市在无明显利空的情况下,长端利率上移明显,市场对于债市的担忧氛围较浓。加之近日,坊间又传言银行同业负债占比上限要从三分之一调整至25%,进一步加重了市场的不安情绪。交通银行首席经济学家连平表示,不必过于担忧长端利率会在四季度出现大幅上行。市场不宜将此举误读为政策“转向宽松”。在去杠杆和抑泡沫的背景下,货币政策稳健基调不会轻易改变。

连平分析指出,另一导致长端利率上行的原因可能是市场对于未来经济增长韧性的相对乐观,以及监管进一步加强的担忧。10月财政收支波动的短期技术扰动可能并非长端利率上行的最重要原因。而此时央行即时纠正市场错误信息和推出新期限的逆回购工具,既符合维稳中长期资金面的政策导向,又将对稳定近期市场预期产生积极作用。当市场对于长端利率预期重新稳定并趋于一致,长端利率也会逐渐趋稳。通常“缴税”之类的短期流动性扰动首先影响的是短端利率,以后逐渐传导至长端。

交通银行高级研究员陈冀分析称,从国际经验来看,通常流动性管理机制越是发达和精细化程度越高,其操作工具的的品种也越丰富、灵活性也越强。目前国内市场流动性投放和信用创造,主要通过银行体系进行。这种机制下,市场流动性受“财政性存款”的变化、金融机构发债等因素影响,往往呈现出较强的季节性特征。如10月份是财政税收高峰,10月、11月还会有大量国债、地方债发行,这些入库资金要到12月份才会成规模释放。

丰富流动性管理工具是央行结合国内经济金融环境持续努力探索的方向。今年二季度货币政策执行报告明确提出,公开市场操作会增强投放和回笼操作的灵活性和主动性,以及研究和丰富逆回购期限品种。央行10月26日询量2个月逆回购,并于27日首次启动2个月逆回购品种。陈冀认为,这是对逆回购工具的进一步补充和完善。历史上逆回购期限最长是28天,而2个月逆回购较此前的回购品种延长,弥补了现在回购品种和MLF之间的期限不足,使央行流动性调控时间期限更加平滑,更有利于根据市场情况对症下药。

连平指出,新工具有利于减轻央行公开市场续作压力。金融去杠杆政策推行以来,央行在运用7天、14天、28天期逆回购进行滚动操作过程中,往往由于期限相对较短,到期时点和量密集分布,市场难免不受到影响。增加2个月期限的品种,可以降低公开市场操作频率,既有助于平抑市场波动、稳定资金面,又减轻了央行逆回购频繁滚动操作的压力。此时推出二个月逆回购对于资金面的影响延续至年末,一定程度上有维稳年末市场资金面的功效。10月、11月缴税等因素对于市场流动性的短期扰动影响较大,加之地方债发行对于其他债券品种可投资金的分流,央行采取相对较长期限的逆回购资金投放,对于银行体系和债券市场都是正面利好。

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