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前三季度新股发行 流程提速审核趋严

2017-10-31 09:05:56   中国经济网

【深圳商报讯】日前,浙江京华激光A股成功上市。回顾这家公司的IPO上市历程,从2016年11月11日首次披露IPO申报稿,到2017年9月5日通过发审会,仅用了298天,此后不足20天获发行核准批文,一个月后就已完成挂牌上市。

不少投行人士敏锐地发现,今年以来,在继续严把质量关的同时,IPO审核效率明显提升。

从审核速度上看,2016年证监会共召开270次IPO发行审核会议,审核267家公司的首发申请。2017年前三季度,召开397次IPO发审会,审核了390家公司的首发申请,审核节奏明显加快。从审核时间上来看,2016年,除2家公司暂缓表决外,从首次预披露到发审核通过或未通过,265家公司的平均审核周期为690天。2017年上半年这一数字降为601天,第三季度进一步降为465天,较2016年全年下降33%。

在审核时间缩短的同时,发行审核的通过率则呈现明显下降趋势。2016年,265家公司首发通过率为93.2%。其中,主板96.7%,中小板93.9%,创业板87.4%。2017年上半年,262家公司首发通过率下降至85.5%。其中,主板91.7%,中小板85.1%,创业板77.7%。第三季度,发审会审核128家公司中,仅有104家获通过,通过率进一步下降至81.3%。其中,主板88.3%,中小板87.5%,创业板68.2%。

2017年证监会严把审核质量关。从发审会询问的问题看,2017年被否的53家企业询问问题共计167条,主要集中在财务与会计、持续盈利能力和规范运作三方面,其中涉及财务与会计的问题有70条,占比42%;持续盈利能力问题35条,占比21%,规范运作问题31条,占比18.6%。

审核关注的财务与会计问题中,又以财务状况异常财务或真实性存疑为主,这类问题有48条,涉及31家公司。

例如,安徽泰达新材2014至2016年扣除非经常性损益后净利润分别为1,761万元、2,686万元和2,689万元。发审委重点关注了公司主营业务收入下降,但是扣非后净利润并未同步下降,同时管理费用与管理费用率逐年下降、董监高薪酬显著低于市场正常水平等异常现象。

在审核关注的持续盈利能力问题中,发审会更加看重公司的抗风险能力,涉及此类问题的公司有12家。例如,江西耐普新材招股说明书披露,公司业绩波动较大的原因,与公司的客户结构和行业特性相关,存在出现业绩下滑超过50%的风险。发审委重点关注了在目前的客户结构和行业特性的情况下,公司有无采取措施以保证公司的持续盈利能力、出现业绩下滑超过50%的风险的依据及计算过程等问题。

此外,规范运作也是2017年被否企业涉及问题较多的领域,具体问题主要包括关联方资金占用,涉嫌违反食品安全、海关监管等相关法律法规,涉嫌商业贿赂,以及其他内控制度建设和执行问题。

资深投行人士指出,在当前监管部门严把IPO审核质量关、着力提升拟上市公司质量的形势下,监管部门更加注重拟上市企业的财务真实性、持续盈利能力、抗风险能力、规范运作和信息披露等问题。拟上市企业可尽早启动上市准备,在准备过程中,可按照上市公司的标准,提升自身财务、经营与公司治理等方面的规范运作要求。同时,拟上市企业在上市时机把握上,可在企业具备更长的持续经营周期、更强的持续盈利能力和市场竞争力时,再正式启动IPO上市工作。(上证 浦泓毅)

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