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基础资产更加多元 产品设计不断创新 监管部门大力支持 我国资产证券化规模再上新台阶

2017-10-30 07:31:00   中国经济网

在证券化基础资产更加多元化、产品设计不断创新、监管部门大力支持等有力因素影响下,我国资产证券化规模再上新台阶。不过,专家认为,目前资产证券化在法律、会计和税收制度等方面,仍存在制度不健全或有待改善的地方

随着我国首单基于区块链技术的交易所ABS“百度—长安新生—天风2017年第一期资产支持专项计划”于近期发行,我国资产证券化产品数量和发行总规模再上新台阶。据中央结算公司统计,近5年来,我国资产证券化发行额呈现逐年递增态势。2017年上半年,全国共发行资产证券化产品4884.1亿元,同比增长68.87%,市场存量为14624.78亿元,同比增长66.48%。

企业ABS后来居上

所谓资产证券化(简称“ABS”),是指以基础资产未来所产生的现金流为偿付支持,通过结构化设计信用增级,在此基础上发行资产支持证券的过程。按照资产类别,一般分为信贷资产证券化、企业资产证券化、资产支持票据等几类。

数据显示,今年上半年,我国信贷资产支持证券(以下简称“信贷ABS”)发行1911.82亿元,同比增长42.05%,占发行总量的39.10%;企业资产支持证券(以下简称“企业ABS”)发行2864.14亿元,同比增长89.33%,占发行总量的58.58%;资产支持票据(以下简称“ABN”)发行113.68亿元,同比增长237.53%,占发行总量的2.32%。

惠金所总经理杨冀川介绍,长期以来,银行间市场信贷ABS及交易所企业ABS发行市场较大,银行间市场资产支持票据及保监会主管的资产支持计划市场相对较小。不过,近期证监体系下的企业ABS已全面赶超信贷ABS,保险资管ABS也逐步崭露头角。

中诚信证券评估有限公司结构融资部高级分析师郑凯文表示,2017年上半年,资产证券化市场延续了2016年快速扩容态势。资产证券化在盘活存量资产、提高资金配置效率、服务实体经济方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。

三因素助力大发展

近5年来,资产证券化产品快速发展主要有证券化基础资产更加多元化、产品设计不断创新、监管部门大力支持三方面原因。

随着资产证券化业务发展日趋常规化,其底层基础资产类型更加丰富。整体看,近年来基础资产的构成呈现出百花齐放的局面,租赁租金、信托受益权、保理债权、票据收益权、商业房地产抵押贷款、保单质押贷款、个人消费贷款等都成为基础资产的重要来源。

“同时,资产证券化在产品结构设计不断创新,投资主体和发起机构类型不断丰富和扩大,也成为ABS大发展的重要推手。”郑凯文表示,近年来,商业房地产抵押贷款支持证券(CMBS)及消费金融类资产证券化产品逐步推广,循环池结构设计得到广泛应用。

值得关注的是,资产证券化产品的发起机构类型更加丰富。一方面,互联网金融加速渗透资产证券化市场,越来越多的民营融资企业涉足ABS市场,寻求新的融资渠道;另一方面,事业单位、互联网公司等更加积极地寻求ABS市场的融资机会。

此外,政策层面的推动,成为我国资产证券化发行提档升级的重要外部因素。2014年11月20日,银监会和证监会分别下发《关于信贷资产证券化备案登记工作流程的通知》和《证券公司及基金管理公司子公司资产证券化业务管理规定》及相关配套规定。我国资产证券化时代正式开启,资产证券化业务均由审批制迈入了备案制。

诸多问题亟待解决

在快速发展的同时,我国资产证券化行业仍存在不少问题。郑凯文认为,尽管多个监管部门先后颁布了多部法律法规,但目前资产证券化在法律、会计和税收制度等方面仍存在制度不健全或有待改善的地方。

“要推动资产证券化发展,主要应从法律法规支持、信息披露两方面着眼。”郑凯文认为,在法律法规上,应强化资产证券化业务中资产出售过程的合法属性,完善行业会计和税收等方面的法律法规。对于资产证券化存续期突发风险事件情况,通过立法和法规政策的完善,强化已出售资产的破产隔离支持以及破产隔离的法律属性,从而减小行业发展风险。

其次,资产证券化业务信息披露也是当前亟待完善的领域。针对目前资产证券化尤其是企业资产证券化挂牌转让制度,交易场所的管理部门可在政策以及技术方面完善资产证券化业务的信息披露制度,拓展底层资产以及资产转让方等方面的信息披露材料覆盖范围。

此外,在资产证券化项目操作方面,存在中介机构信息不透明和中介机构专业化水平有待提高的问题。郑凯文表示,资产证券化行业的发展,需要大量掌握法律、信用评级、会计和税收等方面知识的中介机构的参与,由于监管不到位或行业发展过快,存在部分中介机构所在行业尚未形成行业内统一标准,在对外信息披露上,部分中介机构也存在着信息披露不完善或不规范的情况。

“对于笔数众多的资产证券化项目,中介机构要在投资者对尽调信息有较高信任度的前提下,提高尽调效率,以便整体缩短项目周期。在证券化项目存续期间,各中介机构如何保证对基础资产现金流实时监控和信息披露,也是行业目前亟待解决的问题。”郑凯文说。

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