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积极稳妥扩大金融业对外开放 汇率市场化程度更高

2017-10-21 14:22:55   央广网

在人民币加入国际货币基金组织(IMF)特别提款权(SDR)货币篮子一周年之际,IMF总裁拉加德宣布,人民币将被国际社会认可,成为可自由使用的国际货币。

近年来,中国金融业开放取得了巨大成就,在金融市场开放、完善人民币汇率形成机制、人民币国际化等方面获得了空前发展。中国人民银行国际司司长朱隽指出,多年来我国坚持协同推进扩大金融业对外开放、完善人民币汇率形成机制、减少资本管制“三驾马车”,取得了明显成效。

党的十八大以来,我国金融机构开放水平明显提升。中资金融机构不断发展壮大,国际化经营水平稳步提升。截至2016年末,22家中资银行共开设了1353家海外分支机构,覆盖全球63个国家和地区;9家中资银行业金融机构在26个“一带一路”相关国家设立了62家一级机构。

党的十八大以来,我国金融市场双向开放程度不断提升。目前,多层次、多元化的金融市场已经初具规模。截至2016年末,境外发债主体已包括境外非金融企业、国际性商业银行、国际开发机构以及外国政府等,累计发行631亿元人民币“熊猫债”。2017年,“债券通”的推出使得内地与香港债券市场实现互联互通。此前,“沪港通”“深港通”打通了境内外资本市场,提高了金融资源配置效率。

在此基础上,人民币开始走向世界,国际化水平明显提升。据环球银行金融电信协会(SWIFT)统计,今年8月份,人民币位居全球第五大支付货币,支付额占全球支付额的1.86%。备受瞩目的是,2016年10月1日,人民币正式加入IMF特别提款权(SDR)货币篮子,这意味着人民币成为国际储备货币,人民币在国际上的吸引力大幅提升。IMF的统计数据显示,2017年第一季度末,IMF官方外汇储备币种构成调查(COFER)报送国持有人民币储备规模为885.4亿美元,储备货币地位获得进一步确认。

积极稳妥推动金融业对外开放仍是我国金融业发展的重要方向。今年7月份召开的全国金融工作会议指出,要积极稳妥推动金融业对外开放,合理安排开放顺序。中央财经领导小组第16次会议上强调,扩大金融业对外开放是我国对外开放的重要方面,要营造稳定公平透明的营商环境,加快建设开放型经济新体制。

我国金融业开放取得的成效有目共睹,但随着实体经济快速发展,我国金融业开放的程度尚不能完全满足实体经济发展和应对国际竞争的需要,应在加强监管和防范风险的基础上,主动、稳步推进金融业对外开放。

“金融业对外开放有助于促进竞争,竞争有助于提高效率。”朱隽表示,中国金融市场容量足够大,中国金融机构实力足够强劲,完全可以应对外资金融机构的竞争。下一阶段,应继续坚持主动、稳妥、有序的原则,制定好金融开放的时间表和路线图。

从短期看,应落实准入前国民待遇和负面清单制度,放宽境外金融机构准入限制,在持股比例、设立形式、股东资质、业务范围、牌照数量等方面实现中外资平等对待。

着眼中长期,朱隽表示,应注重市场培育和产品创新,大力改善营商环境和制度环境,允许境外企业和金融机构发债时直接使用或同时使用国际财务报告准则,尽快明确对境外机构投资银行间债券市场的税收政策细则,提高法律和政策制定的透明度。进一步扩大境内外资本市场互联互通。稳步推进人民币国际化,提高人民币可自由使用程度,有序实现人民币资本项目可兑换。

汇率市场化程度更高

“随着国内外汇市场的发展和完善,商业机构在机制建设层面的参与程度有了明显提高。”中国外汇市场指导委员会委员、中信银行金融市场部副总经理孙炜说,党的十八大以来,我国外汇市场越来越市场化、规范化,人民币加入SDR一篮子货币、人民币汇率中间价形成机制改革、外汇市场自律机制的建立、跨境资金管理体系的完善、“债券通”等一系列事件,都是近年来外汇市场更加开放、人民币汇率形成机制更加市场化的标志。

近年来,跨境资金进出无论是规模还是频率都迅速增大,对跨境资金的管理特别是包括外汇市场在内的国内金融市场发展提出了新的要求。孙炜表示,我国经济的深化改革发展需要核心金融要素市场提供更为有效的汇率、利率服务,以适应我国深入参与世界经济交流和国际竞争的需要,同时也是国际投资者进一步参与我国经济成长的需要。现在,我们基本建立起了一个兼顾规范与发展的“过滤机制”。一方面,建立起了“篱笆”,明确了什么事情不能做,以防范金融风险;另一方面,在跨境投融资便利性上也有明显提升。

“随着利率市场化、人民币汇率弹性加大,传统的银行业务面临着挑战。”孙炜说,以前银行靠外汇买卖价差就能获得稳定收入,现在企业对汇率波动更加敏感,风险管理需求明显上升,这对银行的服务提出了新要求。

孙炜说,随着我国金融体系越来越市场化、规范化、法治化,经济的成长性会越来越好,也会吸引更多优质外资进来,形成良性循环。(陈果静)

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