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外汇占款转正 人民币汇率预期进一步趋稳

2017-10-20 07:27:55   

近段时间,人民币汇率运行呈双向小幅波动特征,结合最新公布的9月外汇占款数据止跌回升来看,人民币汇率预期进一步趋稳。

“外汇占款时隔23个月转正,主要受益于市场对人民币汇率和国际收支预期较为乐观,市场主体结汇意愿上升,资本流动趋向均衡。”分析人士指出,年底前美元指数不存在大幅上行空间,为人民币汇率保持稳中有升、中国国际收支持续改善提供了较好的外部环境,中国经济韧性较强、货币政策稳健中性则提供了较好的内部支撑,预计人民币汇率四季度将保持稳定,外汇占款正增长、结售汇小额顺差的情形或频繁出现。

呈现双向波动格局

国庆节后人民币汇率先扬后抑,整体延续了近段时间以来的双向波动格局。

19日,人民币兑美元中间价下调102个基点,报6.6093元,为连续三日调贬。即期市场上,尽管在岸人民币兑美元汇率早盘触及6.639元的低点,但随后受9月外汇占款转正、三季度经济数据平稳等因素提振,即期汇价盘中由弱转强,午后一度回升至6.62元,16:30收盘价报6.6277元,较上一日跌72个基点。

回顾国庆节前后的市场走势,人民币汇率涨跌互现,整体表现符合市场预期。如10月6日至11日,美元指数连续四日下跌,累计跌幅达0.99%;6日至10日,离岸人民币兑美元汇率则接连上涨30基点、360基点、483基点,累计涨幅为1.31%;节后前两个交易日(9日至10日),在岸人民币兑美元汇率也接连上涨185基点、424基点,累计涨幅为0.92%。与之对应的是,10月12日以来,美元指数小幅反弹约0.45%,在岸人民币兑美元汇率也出现小幅调整,至19日累计下跌约0.5%。

10月截至19日的9个交易日中,美元指数累计下跌约0.44%,在岸人民币兑美元则累计上涨约0.35%或235基点,离岸人民币兑美元汇率也累计上涨约0.38%或254基点,且境内外价差基本抹平,显示市场对人民币汇率的预期仍保持平稳。

业内人士认为,近期人民币汇率走势顺应了市场供求力量变化。招商证券点评称,导致节后人民币兑美元汇率走强的原因可能有五点:第一,9月中国制造业PMI为52.7%,大超市场预期,显示中国基本面下半年的形势可能又将好于市场悲观预期。且近期IMF等国际组织纷纷上调对2017年中国经济增长预期。第二,美元指数再度走弱,人民币的外部贬值压力有所减轻。第三,国庆假期结束后,居民出国旅游的购汇需求回落有助于国内外汇市场供求关系改善,缓解人民币在节前的季节性贬值压力。第四,国际资本流动形势有所改善。第五,央行减少外汇市场干预,这会使得人民币汇率走势对国内外因素变化更为敏感,反映更为灵敏。

值得注意的是,美国财政部17日在针对主要贸易对象的报告中,认定中国没有操纵汇率以获取不公平贸易优势。美国财政部指出,近期中国汇率的变动方向将有助于纠正和美国的双边贸易失衡。

资本流动更趋平衡

受益于市场对人民币汇率预期的改善,连续23个月负增长的外汇占款终于恢复增长。19日,央行公布数据显示,今年9月外汇占款余额为21.51万亿元人民币,较上月增加8.5亿元,这是2015年10月以来的首次上升。

受汇率波动等因素的影响,自2015年11月以来,央行口径外汇占款一直呈逐月递减走势,但今年以来,随着人民币企稳升值,外汇占款降幅持续收窄。数据显示,今年1月至8月,央行口径外汇占款分别下降了2088亿元、581亿元、547亿元、420亿元、293亿元、343亿元、46.47亿元及8.21亿元。

当日公布的结售汇和9月外汇储备数据,进一步佐证我国资本外流压力明显趋缓,也表明人民币汇率预期趋于平稳。国家外汇管理局19日公布数据显示,中国9月银行结售汇顺差3亿美元;1-9月银行累计结售汇逆差1129亿美元。早前公布的数据显示,截至9月末,我国外汇储备余额为31085.10亿美元,环比增加169.83亿美元,实现了八连涨。

事实上,在9月外储数据出炉后,不少机构就预测到9月外汇占款止跌回升的可能性较大。国海证券表示,鉴于在汇率和资产价格变动因素的负向作用下,9月以美元和SDR计价的外汇储备规模仍然能录得正增长,9月外汇占款变化由负转正希望较大。

继续保持平稳运行

市场人士指出,展望四季度,美元走势仍将是影响人民币兑美元走势的主要影响因素。而无论美联储12月是否加息,年底前美元指数继续上行的空间都将有限,同时中国经济韧性较强、货币政策稳健中性都有助于支持人民币汇率继续企稳。整体而言,预计人民币汇率四季度将继续平稳运行。

从外部因素来看,申万宏源认为,年底前美国核心通胀数据仍将持续低迷,美联储年底前加息不确定性仍然较大,考虑到10月欧央行将就退出QE提供较为清晰的指引,同时近期英国经济数据走强令英格兰银行加息预期再起,年底前美元指数不存在大幅上行的空间,为人民币汇率稳中有升、中国国际收支持续改善提供了良好的外部环境。

从内部因素来看,我国经济基本面和货币政策仍然对人民币汇率企稳有较强的支撑。19日公布数据显示,我国三季度实际GDP同比增长6.8%,符合市场预期;9月工业增加值同比增长6.6%,高于市场预期和前值;1-9月固定资产投资累计增速7.5%,低于市场预期,但当月同比增速明显回升至6.2%。整体看,9月经济数据出现一定反弹,表明经济增长仍有韧性。

综合机构观点来看,考虑到近期美国经济保持温和增长、税改逐渐推进、缩表已正式开启等,美元继续明显下探的可能性已较小,但大幅上行的动力也不强,还不足以重新带来人民币贬值预期,而国内经济韧性依然较强、货币政策保持稳健中性,未来人民币汇率大概率将保持双向波动、总体平稳的运行格局。与此同时,随着外汇供求平衡状况持续好转,中国国际收支情况明显改善,跨境资金流出压力减弱,预计四季度仍将频繁见到外汇占款正增长、结售汇小额顺差的情形。

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