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9月份CPI和PPI双双稳中略涨 经济运行保持平稳

2017-10-17 11:12:54   

10月16日,国家统计局发布了2017年9月份全国居民消费价格指数(CPI)和工业生产者出厂价格指数(PPI)。数据显示,9月份,CPI同比上涨1.6%,环比上涨0.5%;PPI同比上涨6.9%,环比上涨1.0%。

有关专家表示,9月份CPI继续处于“1时代”,总体上处于温和上涨态势;PPI涨势超出市场预期,表明工业领域需求保持较好。总的来看,四季度物价走势总体温和,经济运行仍将保持平稳,完成全年控制物价通胀的目标是没有问题的。

CPI连续6个月处于“1时代”

9月份,CPI同比上涨1.6%,涨幅较上月回落0.2个百分点,连续6个月处于“1时代”。

国家统计局城市司高级统计师绳国庆分析说,从同比看,食品价格降幅比上月扩大1.2个百分点,影响CPI下降约0.28个百分点。非食品价格涨幅比上月扩大0.1个百分点,影响CPI上涨约1.91个百分点。

据测算,在9月份1.6%的CPI同比涨幅中,去年价格变动的翘尾因素约为0.2个百分点,新涨价因素约为1.4个百分点。

“CPI同比涨幅收窄主要由于翘尾因素下降。”交通银行首席经济学家连平分析认为,9月份价格变动的翘尾因素从上月的0.9%大幅回落至0.22%,翘尾因素下降0.68%是CPI同比涨幅收窄的主要原因。

中国人民大学财政金融学院副院长赵锡军认为,当前物价虽有小幅波动,但总体上处于温和上涨的态势,维持在低位平稳运行。

从环比看,9月份,CPI上涨0.5%,涨幅比上个月扩大0.1个百分点。“食品价格上涨影响CPI环比上涨约0.10个百分点。”绳国庆分析说,9月份,受国庆节和中秋节临近的影响,需求增加,鸡蛋、鸡肉和猪肉价格分别上涨6.1%、2.8%和1.0%;夏季瓜果逐渐下市,供应减少,鲜果价格上涨1.9%。上述4种食品合计影响CPI上涨约0.11个百分点。

非食品价格环比涨幅比上月扩大0.3个百分点,影响CPI上涨约0.44个百分点。医疗服务、教育服务和衣着类价格分别上涨2.7%、1.6%和0.9%,三项合计影响CPI上涨约0.31个百分点。

PPI涨幅连续两个月扩大

9月份,PPI同比上涨6.9%,涨幅比上个月扩大0.6个百分点,这也是PPI同比涨幅连续两个月扩大。

从同比看,生产资料价格上涨9.1%,生活资料价格上涨0.7%。在主要行业中,涨幅扩大的有黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业,上涨31.5%;有色金属冶炼和压延加工业,上涨20.2%。涨幅回落的有煤炭开采和洗选业、石油加工业、石油和天然气开采业,分别上涨28.6%、16.4%和14.2%。上述7大行业合计影响PPI同比上涨约5.6个百分点,占总涨幅的81.2%。

在9月份6.9%的同比涨幅中,去年价格变动的翘尾因素约为4.0个百分点,新涨价因素约为2.9个百分点。

连平分析认为,PPI同比涨幅回升至6.9%,主要受生产资料价格上涨影响,生活资料价格运行平稳。总的来看,价格涨势逐渐从上游向中游传递,是促进PPI涨幅扩大的重要原因。

“PPI涨势超出市场预期,表明工业领域需求保持较好,并未走弱,也意味着经济运行有望保持平稳。”连平指出,结合制造业PMI上升、主要工业初级产品进口大幅增长、企业利润改善等综合判断,当前经济运行有望保持平稳。在PPI上涨的带动下,企业生产积极性得以提升。

9月份,PPI环比上涨1.0%,涨幅比上个月扩大0.1个百分点。“PPI涨幅扩大,主要受生产资料价格上涨影响。”绳国庆分析说,9月份,生产资料价格上涨1.3%,生活资料价格上涨0.1%。

“不必担忧通胀”已成共识

根据交通银行预测,由于第四季度CPI翘尾因素明显低于前三季度,在不出现大的外部因素冲击的情况下,CPI涨幅不会大幅上升。由于当前食品价格同比依然为负,如果恢复性上涨,则会短期影响物价波动。

从PPI看,随着去产能工作持续推进,环保限产力度加大,供给收缩对工业产品价格形成支撑。由于大宗商品价格难以继续大幅上升、翘尾因素走弱,PPI不会持续大幅攀升。另外,随着投资的放缓,需求对工业产品价格拉动作用难以显著增强。综合判断,四季度PPI可能在6%之上,全年PPI平均涨幅约6.4%。

不过,也有市场机构分析认为,9月CPI、PPI变动与预期一致,后续来看,CPI大概率保持现有水平下的区间波动,PPI在四季度由于基数效应会进入下行区间。

尽管各方对于PPI下一步走势存在不同看法,但“不必担忧通胀”已经成为一个基本共识。

交通银行分析认为,今年年内我国物价高点已过,翘尾因素将拉低四季度CPI同比。下半年如不出现大的外部因素的冲击,食品价格并不会出现明显的上涨,影响CPI同比走势的将主要是翘尾因素,而翘尾因素在6月份达到年内最高点的1.16%之后将会逐步走低。预计下半年CPI同比涨幅可能会略低于上半年,全年通胀压力不大。(经济日报记者 林火灿)

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