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国际机构缘何纷纷点赞中国经济 中国金融运行稳定风险可控

2017-10-17 10:12:54   

经济日报原标题:中国金融运行稳定风险可控——国际机构缘何纷纷点赞中国经济系列评论之二

近日,国际货币基金组织(IMF)第四次上调今明两年中国经济增长预期至6.8%和6.5%,一些国际知名投行近期也纷纷上调了对中国的经济增长预期。

近年来,我国保持货币政策稳健中性,根据市场需求和预期变化,在保持市场流动性基本稳定的同时,把主动防范化解系统性金融风险放在更加重要的位置,防范金融高杠杆带来的风险,抑制资产价格泡沫,引导资金“脱虚向实”,推动金融机构回归服务实体经济的本源。今年以来,我国经济稳中向好证实了我国货币金融政策的有效性。

对内来看,稳健货币政策、金融稳健运行支撑我国经济稳中向好。上半年,我国GDP增速达6.9%,下半年有望继续保持;同时,我国进出口快速增长,经常账户盈余将继续收窄,财政收入稳步增长,物价水平保持稳定。在“三去一降一补”的背景下,我国经济增长的结构和质量不断改善,经济转型取得了积极进展。

今年前三季度,金融对实体经济保持着较大的支持力度,我国新增人民币贷款11.16万亿元,同比多增9980亿元,超出市场预期;同期,社会融资规模增量为15.67万亿元,同比多增2.21万亿元,增速较为平稳。

虽然市场上降准的声音不断,但货币政策仍然保持定力,不能太松,也不能太紧。如果在此时“大水漫灌”,会加剧经济结构扭曲,导致物价、资产价格过快上涨等一系列“不良反应”;反之,如果货币政策过快收紧,将不利于达成稳增长的目标,容易加大经济下行压力。

结合外因分析,我国货币政策同样须保持定力。国际金融危机以来,世界主要经济体复苏势头强劲,如美欧等国就业水平创下国际金融危机以来的新高。在此背景下,IMF等国际组织对今年的全球经济增长向好信心充足。然而,主要经济体的经济复苏情况不一,货币政策走向分化,也给我国货币政策带来了挑战。

我国在制定货币政策时,不仅要考虑到美欧等国货币政策变化带来的溢出效应,同时还需要考虑我国货币政策对其他国家带来的影响。如美国货币政策收紧的同时,俄罗斯、巴西等国仍然实行宽松的货币政策,我国货币政策一方面要应对部分经济体货币政策走向紧缩带来的全球流动性下降;另一方面还要避免我国货币政策变化对其他国家产生较大的影响。因此,在保持稳健同时加强预调微调是当前我国货币政策的理性选择。

稳健也并不意味着一成不变。货币政策的侧重点在不同时段和不同条件下有所不同,在保持稳健总基调的同时,会根据形势变化预调微调、灵活把握。正如央行有关负责人所说,在经济过热的时候及时“踩刹车”,存在过快下行风险的时候适当“加油门”。

在货币政策保持稳健的同时,当前,我国把主动防范化解系统性金融风险放在更加重要的位置,防范金融高杠杆带来的风险、抑制资产价格泡沫。我国因城施策,采取了一系列抑制房地产泡沫的措施。今年一季度,金融监管机构引导金融机构加强对表外业务的风险管理,严控同业、银行理财、委外等业务,引导资金更多地投向实体经济,严控期限错配和杠杆投资。与此同时,针对资本市场、保险公司等,监管层强化了一系列风险防控措施要求,成效已经显现。

9月30日,中国人民银行宣布将从明年起对普惠金融实施定向降准。随后,有人质疑这是否代表中国货币政策转向。实际上,对普惠金融实施定向降准政策并不改变稳健货币政策的总体取向,反而是对金融机构的一种正向激励机制,有助于促进金融资源向普惠金融倾斜,优化信贷结构,本质上是一种结构性政策。我国货币政策仍将坚持稳健基调不变。10月12日至13日,央行行长周小川出席二十国集团(G20)财长和央行行长会议时就强调,中国将继续实行积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,并不断综合施策,补短板、去杠杆,警惕并防控影子银行、房地产市场泡沫等风险。

接下来,稳健中性的货币政策将继续引导我国货币信贷和社会融资规模平稳适度增长,为经济稳定增长和供给侧结构性改革营造良好的货币金融环境。(本文来源:经济日报作者:陈果静)

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