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铁矿石缺乏持续上行动能

2017-10-17 09:27:54   

利空仍待消化

铁矿石上周出现深V走势,主力1801合约一度下探至最低425.5元/吨,随后周四、周五两日出现大幅反弹,本周一高位振荡。我们认为,短期经历大幅反弹后,铁矿石暂时缺乏连续上攻动能。一方面,进入10月后,停产钢厂日益增多,武安、唐山取暖季限产提前,铁矿石需求持续走弱。并且,钢厂目前原料库存仍处于相对偏高水平,进一步补库的意愿不强。另一方面,四季度一般是外矿发货高峰期,最近外矿发货水平仍处高位。虽然内矿也受环保影响出现减产,但绝对量较为有限。总体而言,铁矿石目前面临供增需减的局面,短期或缺乏连续上攻动能。

限产钢企逐渐增多

进入10月后,北方地区钢企限产力度继续加大。武安政府发布《2017—2018钢铁、焦化行业秋冬季错峰生产方案》,对钢企实施提前限产,并且限产比例有所增加。随后唐山市政府发布《关于进一步强化十月份空气质量改善措施的通知》,决定把唐山钢企错峰生产启动时间由11月15日提前至10月12日。武安、唐山两地钢铁产能较大,实施错峰生产导致钢企产量受到较大影响,从而对铁矿石需求产生明显制约。

另外,“2+26”城市钢铁取暖季限产从11月15日开始,到2018年3月15日结束,持续4个月。其中,河北及山东多地钢厂均面临50%的限产,其他城市也有30%—50%的限产要求。根据我们的估算,若全部28个城市按照50%力度限产,将导致粗钢产量下降4003万吨,铁矿石需求将减少约6000万吨;若全部城市按照30%力度限产,将导致粗钢产量下降2402万吨,铁矿石需求将减少约3500万吨。预计未来限产钢企会进一步增加,铁矿石需求有继续恶化的可能。

铁矿石进口量创新高

最新数据显示,2017年9月我国进口铁矿石首次突破1亿吨大关,达到1.03亿吨,创出历史新高;1—9月累计进口8.17亿吨铁矿石,同比增加7.10%。但从国庆后的外矿发货情况来看,由于铁矿石价快速下跌,普氏铁矿石价格指数一度跌至60美元/吨以下,外矿发货积极性有所降低。另外,环保检查趋严,部分国产矿山供应受到较大影响。目前的国产矿开工率较前期高点下降5个百分点,未来有进一步下降的可能。

库存或结束连降之势

随着钢企限产增多,需求承压,港口库存连降趋势或结束。另外,最新统计数据显示,钢厂进口矿可用天数为25天,较国庆前下降1天,处于历史偏高位置。钢厂表示目前铁矿石库存基本满足生产,考虑到未来的减产限产,补库意愿并不强烈。

综上,我们认为,进入10月后停产钢厂日益增多,武安、唐山取暖季限产提前,加之11月15日后“2+26”城市采暖季钢企限产的正式实行,未来铁矿石需求有进一步恶化的可能。钢厂的铁矿石库存处于相对偏高位置,进一步补库意愿不强。而供应方面,四季度一般是外矿发货高峰期。虽然内矿受环保影响出现减产,但绝对量较为有限。总体而言,铁矿石目前面临供增需减的局面,短期或缺乏连续上攻的动能。

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