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AMC加速入局 债转股参与主体多元化

2017-10-17 07:37:54   

新一轮债转股启动以来,参与主体呈现多元化格局。国有大行纷纷成立债转股实施机构,国有四大资产管理公司(AMC)、地方AMC等也加速入场,有望成为市场化债转股的重要参与主体。在本轮债转股推进过程中,签约规模较为可观,但落地情况不尽如人意。市场人士认为,未来想扭转上述局面,更好地推进市场化债转股,需进一步扩大市场参与主体,提高市场效率。

更多参与主体入场

本轮债转股的推进过程中,国有四大AMC深度参与。以中国长城资产为例,据中国长城资产经营部总经理雷鸿章表示,截至目前与长城资产正在洽谈债转股项目的企业有20家左右,涉及洽谈意向金额200亿元左右。今年以来,中国长城已先后实施了中国铁物、云南冶金集团、山东宏济堂等债转股项目。

商业银行也是动作频频。截至目前,建设银行旗下建信投资、中国农业银行旗下农银投资、中国工商银行旗下工银投资等银行债转股实施机构自今年8月起陆续开业,交通银行9月底发布通告称交银投资已获准筹建。

中国证券报记者了解到,目前工行、建行落地的债转股项目领先同业。截至9月26日,工行已经与28家企业签订了总额3455亿元的市场化债转股合作协议。截至9月8日,建行已与42家企业达成市场化债转股合作意向,签订了总额5542亿元的框架协议。

中央财经大学中国银行业研究中心主任郭田勇指出,相较于第三方机构,银行成立的专营债转股机构对企业债务更为了解,在债转股实施中的商业谈判、执行力度等方面更有优势,形成的价格可能更公允。

中国银行首席研究员宗良认为,此轮债转股强调市场化手段,由于银行本身对企业债务比较熟悉,因此银行通过单独设立资产管理公司可以运用更为综合的手段来操作。其优势在于,银行系的资产管理公司参与债转股,既兼顾了资产管理公司的优势,又与银行相联系,效果会比较明显。

值得注意的是,自此轮市场化债转股启动以来,作为不良资产市场的重要参与者之一,地方AMC也在积极布局这方面的业务。去年年底开始,AMC设立迎来政策利好,银监会允许省级最多设立两家地方AMC,也给债转股市场带来更多参与主体。天风证券分析师刘晨明分析,地方主体的加速入场有望推动债转股进程不断深化,地方AMC也可能成为市场化债转股的重要参与主体。

项目落地难待破解

本轮市场化债转股的重点,从行业来看,主要聚焦煤炭和钢铁,具体到企业则集中于杠杆率较高的国企和央企。截至目前,债转股协议的签约规模非常可观。

工信部有关负责人近日表示,钢铁行业本轮债转股已签订框架协议规模约1500亿元;据中国煤炭经济研究院统计,已有21家煤炭企业与金融机构签订了债转股协议,协议金额为3530亿元;国务院国资委总会计师沈莹日前介绍,目前有36家有意向而且条件较好的央企正在开展债转股工作,14家已经签订了债转股协议,规模达到4400多亿元。

中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员董希淼指出,本轮市场化债转股的一个突出特点在于,洽谈双方签约金额比较高,但真正落地却面临困难。以煤炭行业为例,在目前已签订的债转股协议中,实际落地的项目仅有8个,涉及金额655.73亿元,仅为签约规模的18.6%。

对于债转股项目落地情况不尽如人意的原因,董希淼表示,首先对于企业来说,债转股并不是一个容易做出的决策,公司治理的很多方面可能会因此改变;其次就银行而言,在股权管理、专业化队伍建设等方面仍存在一些挑战。“目前几家大型银行旗下的资产管理公司仍处于正在筹备或刚刚起步的阶段,随着这些机构步入正轨,下一步市场化债转股的步伐可能会加快。”

此外,郭田勇认为,上一轮行政化债转股推进过程中,政府会对亏空进行“补贴”,买卖双方因此积极响应。而本轮债转股则以市场化的形式进行,政府不会进行财政补贴,因此买卖双方在价格形成和债转股的条件等方面的看法可能不一致,从而导致交易困难。

郭田勇认为,应进一步扩大市场参与主体,以提高市场本身的效率。“应进一步地放宽准入条件,除了银行和四大资产管理公司外,还可以引进一些民营和私募机构。不同机构对于资产的看法存在差异,因此会产生价格竞争,从而有利于价格形成。”

(原标题:AMC加速入局 债转股参与主体多元化)

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